Strontium Facts (Atomic Number 38 or Sr)

Strontium is a yellowish-white alkaline earth metal with atomic number 38 and element symbol Sr. The element is known for producing red flames in fireworks and emergency flares and for its radioactive isotope that is found in nuclear fallout. Here is a collection of strontium element facts. Fast Facts: Strontium Element Name: StrontiumElement Symbol: SrAtomic Number: 38Appearance: Silvery-white metal that oxidizes to pale yellowGroup: Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metal)Period: Period 5Atomic Weight: 87.62Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2Discovery: A. Crawford 1790 (Scotland); Davey isolated strontium by electrolysis in 1808Word Origin: Strontian, a town in Scotland Strontium  Basic Facts There are 20 known isotopes of strontium, 4 stable and 16 unstable. Natural strontium is a mixture of the 4 stable isotopes. Properties: Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes more vigorously in water. Finely divided strontium metal ignites spontaneously in air. Strontium is a silvery metal, but it rapidly oxidizes to a yellowish color. Because of its propensity for oxidation and ignition, strontium is typically stored under kerosene. Strontium salts color flames crimson and are used in fireworks and flares. Uses: Strontium-90 is used in Systems for Nuclear Auxilliary Power (SNAP) devices. Strontium is used in producing glass for color television picture tubes. It is also used to produce ferrite magnets and to refine zinc. Strontium titanate is very soft but has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. Element Classification: Alkaline earth metal Biological Role: Radiolarian protozoa belonging to the group Acantharea make their skeletons of strontium sulfate. In vertebrates, strontium replaces a small amount of calcium in skeletons. In humans, absorbed strontium is primarily deposited in bones. In adults, the element only attaches to bone surfaces, while it can replace calcium in growing bones of children, potentially leading to growth problems. Strontium ranelate can increase bone density and reduce the incidence of fractures, but it also increases the risk of cardiovascular problems. Topically applied strontium inhibits sensory irritation. It is used in some toothpastes to reduce sensitivity. While stable strontium isotopes present no significant health threat, the radioisotope strontium-90 is considered dangerous. Like the stable isotopes, it is absorbed into bones. However, it undergoes beta-minus decay and thus poses a radiation hazard. Strontium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 2.54Melting Point (K): 1042Boiling Point (K): 1657Appearance: Silvery, malleable metalAtomic Radius (pm): 215Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 33.7Covalent Radius (pm): 191Ionic Radius: 112 (2e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.301Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 9.20Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 144Pauling Negativity Number: 0.95First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 549.0Oxidation States: 2Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Sources Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Social Status in Great Expectations - 1198 Words

Social and financial status play a big role in our environment today. The wealthy tend to get more recognition for having more money and the lower class tend to get a bad reputation of being uneducated people who have no rights as citizens. Social status in a large town relates to how well people treat a person and see them as they represent themselves throughout the community. In the book Great Expectations, Charles Dickens explains wealth and popularity in the 1800 s as a key factor of life. He allows the reader to see how important it is to be in the upper class, but he also makes the reader realize that whether being wealthy or poor that certain person is always judged in their life and sometimes being judged can ruin who they†¦show more content†¦He is finally realizing that money doesn t buy everything in this world and one day wealth can rule his life and purchase anything that his heart desires, but in the end he ll always be the boy who is broke. Miss Havisham w as a very wealthy woman. Her money was earned by the family brewery they owned. In this book, Miss Havisham has power over everyone that stands before her. Miss Havisham keeps Estella and wants to perfect her and make her into a young lady. She thinks she can because she has become a woman of money, but Estella doesn t play into her games and makes her own living with Drummle. At this point Miss Havisham begins to realize she can not control everything she wishes she could. Miss Havisham tries to control Pip and seduce him into the thoughts of being with Estella forever. She uses her power and reign as the woman in charge of his love life and allows him to believe Estella is the one for him. Although she has money, Pip finds out she black mailed him and she only could do what she did because she was a wealthy woman. On page 334 Pip says, But when I fell into the mistake I have so long remained in, at least you lead me on? Miss Havisham replied, Yes, I let you on. 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The Role That the HR Strategist Plays in an Organisation

Questions: Post no.1 The role that the HR strategist plays in an organisation can vary due to the different models that companies apply when connecting HR to strategy. Most companies agree that it is thepeople that make the organisation(Persaud 2014), which demonstrates just how important the role of the HR strategist is. The competencies and skills expected of an HR strategist will be examined further, considering the varying roles that organisations expect HR to play. Strategy making is an analytical process that ascertains an appropriate future calculated path with coherent goals and objectives (Andersen and Minbeava 2013, p. 810). If applying the best-practice model, the HR strategist must be analytical in devising practices that are set to enhance performance. Such a model denotes that practices devised by the HR strategist are applicable to all organisations, regardless of market type or size. This would suggest that there is a generic set of competencies for this role that can be applied to any organisation. Some scholars would disagree with this, finding that varying cultures within different organisations will require different skills (Emanoil and Nicoleta 2013, p. 1529). For example, I have worked for one recruitment company called Retail Human Resources (RHR), which consisted of a handful of national branches. The HR strategist here would have been integrated with standard internal procedures. This company was very small, stagnant and fam ily-like. However, the last organisation that I worked for: Randstad, is an international organisation. One can imagine that the HR strategist would need to be headstrong and more adaptable, moving fast according to the different mergers, acquisitions and other frequent changes taking place. The best-fit approach suggests a need for the HR strategist to be up-to-date with elements both internal and external to the organisation. Many regard this as a more realistic approach to have when considering the skill set required. The success of the workforce and the organisation is reliant upon the culture, mindset, expertise and strategy. Therefore, the HR strategist needs to be incorporated into processes around these factors, morphing the action plan around these (ASHE Higher Education Report 2012, p. 43).This approach calls for an HR strategist to be integrated within the industry of the organisation, so as to maintain awareness of internal and external issues affecting employees. This model has been criticised for the fact that it is of a more static nature, not placing focus upon the changes that organisations are facing today. The resource-based view regards organisations as unique collection of assets, with people being the main focus. The HR strategist in this context would be expected to identify such assets and ensure that they are used to their full advantage, to ensure that the organisation maintains its competitive edge. They would need to be much more personable within the organisation so as to gauge the skills of employees and suggest where they are best allocated. Those who favour the best-fit approach regard the resource-based mindset as weaker, due to the fact that it is very internal and does not take into account the external environmental factors within HR strategy. Talent acquisition is a significant portion of the role of an HR strategist. Therefore, they must be able to combine their talent strategy with the business strategy of the organisation (Gochman and Storfer 2014, p. 25). HR decisions are often made based upon the past or present requirements of the organisation, but it is actually thefutureneeds of the company that need to be taken into account. Analytical and critical thinking are essential skills required. Leadership skills are vital, as all HR strategists will at some point have to consensus-build so as to argue a case for additional funding or headcount for certain departments. Communication and listening are of equal importance, as this role entails acknowledging feedback and making changes known. As there is more involvement in changes such as restructures to the business, management skills of a business nature are necessary (Mayhew 2015). With all of these aspects considered, an HR strategist needs to be approachable to all departments, so as to allow for honest and open communication regarding concerns and suggestions. They would need to recognise the relationship between their role and the success of the company (Buller and McEvoy 2012, p. 43). Todays fast-paced climate means that this job role would require an individual equipped in managing change, intervening where necessary to make necessary decisions. As opposed to many decades ago where HR was predominantly admin-based, a HR strategist would now need to be a strong decision-maker. Post no. 2 Changing trends in the business environment now depend on having adequate human capital to gain competitive advantage. More and more organizations are recognizing the need to develop their human resource departments to standards necessary for optimal performance and a key means of achieving organizational objectives that goes beyond setting policies and processes. HR strategists are therefore consulted to work with managers in creating the adequate human assets and strategies needed to do so. Certain skills and competencies are required of these HR strategists to enhance firm effectiveness and include the following: Personal qualities. The HR strategist need to be skilled enough to carry out tasks that center on developing HR strategies that will align with organizational strategies using HR logic, concepts, language and practices (Ramlall, 2006). Credibility, integrity, ethics, commitment, innovative, and taking initiatives for continuous growth and change are some of the attributes required (Schoonover, 2003). Leadership and management skills are critical to successful performances in strategy development (Schoonover, 2003). Understanding the business. Knowledge of the diverse social, economic and business practices amongst competitors being developed from specific business scenes can go a long way to assist HR strategists in integrating with organizational goals (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010). This is an important competence necessary to create sustainable competitive advantage. By this, strategists can spend time with transformational HR activities that create value and affect the firms bottom line results such as on cost reduction and profit maximization, and less focus on transactional non value-added activities (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010; Ramlall, 2006). Partnering with senior executives in strategy development and contribution, maintaining customer focus and employee advocacy enhances the business skills they need to become more effective in supporting firm capability and facing competition (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010; Ramlall, 2006). Technology and Delivery. Technological competence will be required for HR strategists who find themselves in complex business settings. By this they can ensure HR processes center on ethical practices, talent management, information spread, virtual team outreach, employee support, customer intervention, and skills measurement are delivered organization-wide in order to endure competition (Ramlall, 2006; Schoonover, 2003). Research has also shown it is imperative that HR strategists develop higher technical competencies such as in accounting and marketing effective for strategy implementation and integration (Ramlall, 2006). HR measurement. As a core competence, strategists need to measure the impact of their contribution to the overall business process. Skills in performance management can help demonstrate the correlation between HR practices and the firms financial output, employee commitment, customer value plan and competitive advantage (Ramlall, 2006). This can also be a key to effective change management involving best practices needed to upgrade the firms profile (Schoonover, 2003). These skills and competencies provide great input into a firms strategy. However, results of Ramlalls research sand various others suggest that HR professionals and strategists still lack in some of these areas of competencies especially those related to technology. Technical competence has a strong relationship with strategic contribution necessary for a business success and this could be obtained from formal education, on-the-job training or the organization itself (Ramlall, 2006). It is now left to the HR strategist to determine the needs within the business environment and the means of obtaining these skills and competencies. Post no. 3 Hr Strategist. Human resource management does not exist in isolation, its practices are tailored towards ensuring the achievement of set goals and objectives of each given organization in which they operate. Modern day business environment dynamics and intense competition owing to the availability of information has influenced the general working of sectors in an organization. HRM is not left out, as such its activities has gone beyond providing, placement and managing of employees to include contributing to the competitive advantage of the organization by investing in quality human capital. HR strategy is built using three models (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010): best practices; which is the general or universal HR practices that yield a standardized outcome regardless of the organization or industry, best fit practices; suggests that there are practices that are business/organization specific and resource-based practices; which sees human resource as an essential resource to achieving competitive edge, growth and superior performance. The role of a HR strategist focus is on full participation in the business management team, designing and implementing strategic HR practices and system in other to build the organizations capacity, in addition manage HR practices and services at the point of delivery( Blancero, Boroski and Dyer, 1995). In their study, five unique competencies were identified in regards to customer awareness and ability to leverage on resources for goals accomplishment. Business strategy: provides the framework within which HR activities should be channeled. Human resource planning: this is to ensure the objectives of the firm are achieved through developing and implementing human resource strategy. Vision: establishes the underlining values of strategic HR practice choices. Organizational change: aims at synchronizing employees behavioral patterns into a wholesome move toward the organizations goal. Value creation: the ultimate achievement from aligning HR strategy and corporate strategy, ranging from customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, competitive advantage and improved performance. In conclusion, human resources can be viewed as a link that transforms corporate strategy into successful business performance. The fact still remains that organizational goals can be broken down in workable specific tasks to be carried out by competent employees and the moment employees understand what is expected of them with appropriate incentives and motivation, performance will improve. Researches have shown that various HR practices have individual specific outcomes which when combined could make the world of difference and provide an organization with an edge in a competitive environment. HR strategist connects the dots between business strategy and superior business performance by capitalizing on activities structured towards human resource; recruitment/selection, training/development, employee appraisal/compensation along the lines of increasing competitive advantagess. Anwers: Post 1 Customization and specialization according to the culture of the company should be a characteristic of an HR manager of a strategist. The skills and knowledge domain of HR specialist must be flexible with the company having people oriented approach for a clan cultured company and a leadership and result oriented approach for a market culture of the company. Company such as Google must have an HR strategic as employee oriented and a company such as Zappos should have an autocratic HR leader to manage the globalization. Post 2 The matter concerning the fact that HR strategist lack in technology related skills is a concern for the organizations moving towards agile methodologies. Technological skills must form a toolkit for the HR strategists so as to utilize tools and softwares available in the market and leverage its utilities in the development of the organization. HR strategist must be amalgamation of human resource skills and technological skills to become an all rounder in the business. Steve Jobs was a leader who was proficient in human resource skills to be able to motivate an entire generation and excellent in technical skills to innovative various products and services. Post 3 I go in complete agreement with the post talking about HR strategist being the catalyst for connecting the dots of business performance and strategies. HR strategist should be competent to inextricably intertwine the principles of human resource and use of technology. To grow up the line of bridge, HR strategists must claim 5% of their present work to put into valuable and strategic roles. They can leverage the technology and embrace the automation so as to equip the organization with right tools at right time having a bag full of trips and tricks. This post talks about five competencies that a HR strategist must possess which can be enhanced to plentiful of other skills that he must hold to climb up the ladder of success. References 1. Hartog, D. N., Verburg, R. M. (2004). High performance work systems, organisational culture and firm effectiveness.Human Resource Management Journal, 14(1), 55-78.2. Rao, M. S. (2013). Can HR leaders excel as company chief executive?.Human Resource Management International Digest, 21(5), 3-5.3. Sparrow, J. (2013). The five key roles of managers: how HR can build engagement that lasts.Strategic HR Review, 12(2), 83-88.

Tamed Shrews And Twelfth Nights The Role Of Women In Shakespeare Essa

Tamed Shrews and Twelfth Nights: The Role of Women In Shakespeare Tamed Shrews and Twelfth Nights: The Role of Women In Shakespeare It is curious to note the role of women in Shakespearean literature. Many critics have lambasted the female characters in his plays as two-dimensional and unrealistic portrayals of subservient women. Others have asserted that the roles of women in his plays were prominent for the time and culture that he lived in. That such contrasting views could be held in regards to the same topic is academic. It is only with close examination of his works that we are able to suppose his intent in creating characters that inspire so much controversy. Two works, Taming of the Shrew, and Twelfth Night, stand out particularly well in regards to Shakespeare's use of female characters. After examining these two plays, one will see that Shakespeare, though conforming to contemporary attitudes of women, circumvented them by creating resolute female characters with a strong sense of self. The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare's most famous plays, and has weathered well into our modern era with adaptations into popular television series such as Moonlighting. For all the praises it has garnered throughout the centuries, it is curious to note that many have considered it to be one of his most controversial in his treatment of women. The "taming" of Katherine has been contended as being excessively cruel by many writers and critics of the modern era. George Bernard Shaw himself pressed for its banning during the 19th century (Peralta). The subservience of Katherine has been labeled as barbaric, antiquated, and generally demeaning. The play centers on her and her lack of suitors. It establishes in the first act her shrewish demeanor and its repercussions on her family. It is only with the introduction of the witty Petruchio as her suitor, that one begins to see an evolution in her character. Through an elaborate charade of humiliating behavior, Petruchio humbles her and by the end of the play, she will instruct other women on the nature of being a good and dutiful wife. In direct contrast to Shrew, is Twelfth Night, whose main female protagonist is by far the strongest character in the play. The main character Viola, has been stranded in a foreign land and adopts the identity of her brother so that she might live independently without a husband or guardian. She serves as a courtier to a young, lovesick nobleman named Orsino. Throughout the play she plays as a go-between for him to the woman he loves. In the course of her service, she falls in love with him. Only at the end, does she renounce her male identity and declares her love for him. Both plays portray female characters unwilling to accept the female role of passivity. Katherine rebels against this stereotype by becoming a "shrew", a violently tempered and belligerent woman. Viola disguises herself as a man for most of the play in order to preserve her state of free will. Katherine endures reprimands, chiding, and humiliation in the course of her chosen rebellion. Viola enjoys life and position as a man, and does not reveal who she is until the last scene of the play. Curiously enough, both women voluntarily accept the roles that society would impose on them again at the close of the plays. It is important to note though, that they freely resume these roles, and that they do so out of their own sense of self. For each woman, it is a personal choice based on their desires. In the case of Katherine, she realizes that propriety is as much a signature of self-respect as respect for others, and she has a husband whom she need prove nothing to because he already respects her. In the case of Viola, she is in love with the young Orsino. Having found the man she would be willing to wed, the pretense of her male identity is no longer necessary, as she desires to be his wife. Having seen the similarities between Viola and Katherine, one should take notice that they do have different circumstances regarding their behavior. The reason for Katherine's shrewish demeanor is never given in the play, though many directors have interpreted it as an act to discourage suitors, much like Hamlet's feigned madness. Others have attributed it to sibling rivalry between Katherine and her sister Bianca. In any case, no clear rationale is given to the audience as to the reason for Katherine's behavior. It is enough to say that the actions of her father and sister

The Postman Always Rings Twice Essays - English-language Films

The Postman Always Rings Twice *P**B*Title*/B**BR*The postman always rings twice *P**B*Author*/B**BR*James M. Cain *P**B*Characterisation*/B**BR* Frank, a man who falls in love with Cora. He's a type of guy who's rough but smart. His passion for Cora makes him mad of love. Cora, the Greek's wife (He's always called the Greek in the book so I'll better call him the Greek, his real name is Nick) Cora is in doubt weather she would go with Frank or stay with her husband, the Greek. She chooses for Frank. *P**B*Genre*/B**BR* This book is a short psychological novel. *P**B*Narrative structure*/B**BR* It's a first person story and told in chronological order. The book spends about two or three months. *P**B*Plot outline*/B**BR* The story is set in a roadside sandwich joint in California, which has a living part, a filling station and a lunchroom part. When Frank arrived at the lunchroom the Greek offered him a job. Frank said yes, and immediately when he saw the Greeks wife Cora he felt in love with her. They made love to each other when the Greek wasn't at home. One day they made a plan to kill the Greek, the wanted to kill him in the bathroom but failed. The Greek fell on his head, but wasn't dead. They told the police it was an accident. After a week the Greek went out of the hospital, back home. But Cora and Frank drove away together. After a while Cora wanted to go back home. So she did. But Frank staid in town and three weeks later he met the Greek on the marked, the Greek asked him to come back to the lunchroom and work again. Frank left the town with the Greek and they drove to the lunchroom. When they got there, Frank met Cora again. They still loved each other so they made a new plan to kill the Greek, and spent the rest of their lives together. This time their plan worked and the Greek got killed. First the judge didn't believe their story about this ?car accident?. But Cora and Frank convinced the judge and they he pleaded them not guilty. Cora and Frank were happy that their plan had worked. Cora got pregnant and they made a ride in their car. But the worth ting happened, Cora got killed on that ride because of a car accident. But Frank survived, and the judge condemned him guilty for the murder on Cora and the Greek. Motive? Their money. *P**B*Theme and explanation of the tittle*/B**BR* I think you can describe the theme as: God is punishing at once. (how do you say that in English?) The title means a warning for something unexpected. *P**B*Opinion*/B**BR* I liked the book because of the authors easy writing style. And it gives a good view of how far you can go for loving somebody else Book Reports

Finding Government Contracting Opportunities

Finding Government Contracting Opportunities Once you are trained and registered as a government contractor, you can start looking for opportunities to do business with the federal government.FedBizOppsFedBizOpps is an essential resource. All federal contract solicitations (invitations to bid) with a value of $25,000 or more are published on FedBizOpps : Federal Business Opportunities. Government agencies publish the solicitations on FedBizOpps, and provide detailed information on how and when vendors should respond.GSA SchedulesThe largest government-wide contracts are established and administered by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) under its GSA Schedules Program. Government agencies order goods and services directly from GSA Schedule contractors or through the GSA Advantage! online shopping and ordering system. Businesses interested in becoming GSA Schedule contractors should review the Getting on the GSA Schedules page. GSA schedule vendors can submit their contract proposals, offers and modifications over the Internet via GSAs eOffer system. Teaming and Subcontracting ArrangementsFrequently, businesses offering similar products or services will team up to bid on federal contract opportunities. Teaming with another business as a subcontractor is a great way to get your foot in the door in the federal government. The following resources provide guidance for creating teaming arrangements and subcontracting: GSA Schedule - Contractor Teaming ArrangementsUnder a Contractor Team Arrangement (CTA), two or more GSA Schedule contractors work together, by complementing each others capabilities, to offer a total solution to meet an ordering activitys requirement.GSA Subcontracting DirectoryUnder federal law, large business prime contractors receiving federal contracts valued at over $1 million for construction, $550,000 for all other contracts, are required to establish plans and goals for subcontracting with small business firms. This directory is a listing of GSA contractors with subcontracting plans and goals.SBA Subcontracting Network (SUB-Net)Prime contractors post subcontracting opportunities on SUB-Net. SUB-Net enables small businesses to identify and bid on opportunities. The kinds of opportunities it lists include solicitations or other notices, such as a search for teaming partners or subcontractors for future contracts. More Opportunities Business MatchmakingThis public-private partnership helps connect minority, women, veteran and disabled veteran owned firms with government contracting opportunities.Government Contracting Opportunities for Green BusinessesLaws and regulations now require federal agencies to purchase green (biobased, recycled content, and energy efficient) products. This guide helps vendors who supply green products compete for federal contracts.Selling Energy Efficient Products to the Federal GovernmentCompanies with energy-efficient products and services have special opportunities in the federal sector. This document highlights the major avenues to selling energy efficient products to the federal government.

A Good Impression of True Christianity Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Good Impression of True Christianity - Article Example After spending time in regular prayer and meditation, Christians will eventually put to practice what they learn from God’s Word along with the promptings of the Holy Spirit. They will be â€Å"doers† of the Word and not â€Å"hearers† only for as the Bible says: â€Å"Faith comes by hearing and hearing of the Word of God.† Christians begin to practice what they preach by putting to action what they learn in their daily devotion and Bible Study. Finally, when more time is spent on prayer and meditation, people begin to spend less time finding faults in others and begin to love each other as real brothers and sisters in the Lord. In doing so, they refrain from backbiting that usually results in quarreling. The church will then become a â€Å"home† for the weary and brokenhearted. It will become a safe refuge from life’s trials and difficulties. If Christians follow these suggestions individually and as a congregation of born-again believers in Christ, the community will respect it and even be drawn to be part of it. What the world needs is a dynamic loving church that nurtures and understands not one that judges and bites. If Christians follow these suggestions individually and as a congregation of born-again believers in

The New Testament and Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The New Testament and Culture - Research Paper Example Racial mix up has reduced ethnic differences as communities continue coming to a common understanding of the New Testament. Professional athletes have also been depicted as a falsely glorified group. The glorification has been portrayed as a short-lived affair that lasts as long as the professionals remain popular in the game. There after, they are forgotten. Parables in the New Testament have been illustrated as awe inspiring narratives that carry their own meaning. They are portrayed as having a significant impact on literature. Hofsted defines culture as a tool that the mind applies to guide a person’s day to day activities and interactions with others. He believes that culture is a collective aspect of a population that has occupied a particular social environment where individuals learn unique norms and also develop standards that guide their behavior. These behaviors make a distinction between cultures since all individuals in a particular culture share norms and customs (Hofstede, 65). The New Testament conflicted most of the cultural practices especially those concerned with worship. Generally, societies had their own way of worship and believed in supernatural powers that influenced their existence. For example, God was regarded as the Supreme Being and the giver of life, similar to the belief in the New Testament. However, the ways of worship changed when people could no longer speak to God and offer sacrifices in shrines. The New Testament emphasizes on new ways of worship and faith as well as adoration of people with unique talents such as those of modern athletes. Ethnic practices such as traditional dance, marriages and burial rights among other aspects of traditional lifestyles were overshadowed by the New Testament (Johnson, 112). The New Testament had a great influence on social identity of communities globally. When people belong to a certain social grouping, they develop a sense of

Funding Higher Education Essay Example for Free

Funding Higher Education Essay In order to address budget requirements during revenue deficit years, other opportunities are available to the government other than simply raising taxes. One viable opportunity is opening research facilities in higher education to private use. Higher education institutions have various wet and dry laboratories that can be very useful to commercial and other private business entities conducting research. Some of these entities usually enter contracts with private laboratories. By opening school resources, government would be able to tap the finances of these private entities into the schools. In fact, the government can take this strategy one step further by constructing an internship curriculum for its students that involve working on private company projects (Gordon, 2000). Through such an internship program, qualified students would be sent to work in school facilities on research work required by funding entities. Of course, interns would be given an appropriate allowance. This provides an innovative and practical learning experience for the students as well as a minimal source of income. Furthermore, it creates linkages to the industry where they might be able to more conveniently find employment after graduation. Another possible strategy is opening campus grounds to private promotional projects. These projects set up booths and conduct activities that target the attention of students and/or faculty members to avail of certain products or services. Of course, entities that would like to promote their products would have to be screened thoroughly according to the academic institution’s mission-vision to ensure that no contradictions are present. These two strategies can raise revenue up to appropriate levels and allow the school budget to be funded for the revenue deficit academic year. Reference Gordon, J. (2000). Private Education Management. N. Y. : Doubleday.

Operant and Classical Conditioning in Advertising

Operant and Classical Conditioning in Advertising Buyer behaviour and marketing communications Classical Conditioning Theory Operant learning theory can be compared to classical conditioning learning theory, as both are methods through which behaviour can be modified. The key difference is that operant learning is based on modifying the consequences of behaviour, whilst classical conditioning is based on the use of stimuli to modify behaviour. This can most clearly be seen by reference to Pavlov’s (1927) and Skinner’s (1957) experiments. Pavlov’s (1927) experiments involved training dogs to associate the sound of a bell with being fed. As such, the dogs learnt to salivate when they heard a bell, in anticipation of food, in spite of not controlling when the food was delivered. This demonstrates classical conditioning learning. In contrast, Skinner’s (1957) experiments involved placing rats in separate boxes each of which contained a bar. When the rat pressed the bar, a consequence would occur. Some rats were fed when they pressed their bar, whilst others suffered an electric shoc k. Other rats were given an electric shock until they pressed the bar, when the shock went away. Over time, the rats learnt to moderate their behaviour, either to obtain the benefits or to avoid the harmful effects. This is an example of operant learning (Domjan, 2003). As a result of the interactive nature of operant learning, advertising has traditionally been based on classical conditioning, with campaigns generally intended to drive dynamic learning within consumers, thus moderating their behaviour to associate a product with a certain type of reward. Ackerberg (2003) claims that this reward can be either some form of tangible benefits; or it can be based on â€Å"image†, â€Å"brand† or â€Å"prestige† benefits. However, Ackerberg’s (2003) research indicated that traditional advertising does not always tend to affect consumer behaviour, instead simply acting to inform consumers and enable them to choose products which fit their self image. This is reinforced by Osselaer and Alba (2000) who argue that using the advertising process to attempt to enhance brand equity can often result in a decrease in customer perception of the attributes used to judge product quality. This is particularly the case when a company already has an existing reputation based on product quality, indicating that consumers are more likely to trust the operant conditioning they have developed from using products, rather than the perception of said products. However, the recent rise of interactive media such as e-mail and the internet offer companies the chance to include more operant conditioning principles in the advertising and promotional campaigns, by allowing customers to interact with products through virtual multimedia environments. This effectively allows companies to achieve a balance between indirect advertising and direct, but expensive and narrowly focused, product trials, whilst maintaining a wide reach. Indeed, research by Daugherty et al (2008) has shown that when comparing the direct, indirect, and virtual marketing methods, the virtual methodology can have the greatest impact on brand attitudes, particularly when it is followed up by exposure to advertising or a direct trial. This indicates that virtual advertising allows companies to obtain the best of both worlds, aiding in the indirect, classical conditioning, approach and the direct, operant learning, approach (Daugherty et al, 2008). As such, the evidence tends to suggest that both operant and classical learning can be used in the creation of advertising campaigns. However, evidence from Pawlowski et al (1998) shows that existing conditioning and learning will also play an important role in perceptions of advertising, and the ability of campaigns to affect consumer behaviour. This was demonstrated by Pawlowski et al’s experiments with children in the American second, fourth, and sixth grades, who were shown four advertisements. The older children were better able to interpret the metaphors from the advertisements, as well as the brand names and specific advertising copy. However, in spite of the increased levels of understanding with age, there was little evidence that the advertising messages improved the perceptions of the advertised products. This not only indicates that people’s experience and development will affect their interpretation of advertising, but also that it is important to ensure that advertising is correctly pitched in order to reinforce or ‘punish’ existing perceptions to boost the operant condition ing effect. Some evidences as to how this can be achieved can be found in the work of Ottemann and Lethans (1975), who argued that operant learning theory and behavioural modification principles could be used to affect the organisational behaviour of major organisations. Their work was based on the use of organisational behaviour modification programs, and their effects on the performance of first line supervisors who had been trained to manage their behaviour on a contingent basis. The results of said study revealed that supervisors who had been trained to moderate their behaviour, according to the operant conditions, achieved consistently superior performance levels when compared to their peers who had experienced no such training (Ottemann and Luthans, 1975). This could be argued to indicate that operant learning theory is always of use in moderating behaviour, and that this usefulness tends to be increased as the relevance of the stimulus in increased. Within advertising, Till and Priluck (2000) refer to the relevance of a stimulus, and also to stimulus generalisation, which refers to â€Å"the extent to which a response conditioned to one stimulus transfers to similar stimuli†. Indeed, in the context of using conditioning and learning for advertising campaigns, stimulus generalisation is vital for factors such as brand extension and brand imitation. This argument is supported by two studies carried out by Till and Priluck (2000), which show that once an advertising or promotion campaign has conditioned customer attitudes towards a particular brand, they can then transfer said attitudes to a product in a similar category, or with a similar name. However, the results of the studies also suggested that this may only be a temporary effect, and that customers will ultimately also need to be conditioned to the new product or category (Till and Priluck, 2000). In addition, Kim et al (1998) argue that existing attitudes and the nat ure of an operant learning approach can affect the extent to which these attitudes can be transferred, as well as the formation of new attitudes and product beliefs. This continues to indicate that both operant learning and classical conditioning will run into problems if they attempt to run against existing environmental conditioning which exists in consumers. However, Grossman and Till (1998) carried out two experiments which tended to indicate that classical conditioning learning can be used to overcome existing environmental conditioning through advertising, although this was found to be a long term effect. This finding is based on the use of classical conditioning procedures which matched favourable images and representations to a brand of mouthwash. The first experiment was based on simple exposure, the impact of which was then measured immediately after the experiment; and again after one week and three weeks had elapsed. The second study used the same methods and procedures, but in a more controlled environment and over a longer period of time. This showed that not only do classical conditioning adverts tend to be enduring in the minds of consumers, but also that they can gradually alter existing perceptions over time (Grossman and Till, 1998). Similar results were shown by Herr and Fazio (1991), however their research also examined the use of both attributional and cognitive, verbal learning techniques in order to maximise the conditioning affects. Such repeated and varied positioning of the brand as being favourably evaluated was shown to be more effective than simply using a single technique (Herr and Fazio, 1991). Another area in which both classical and operant learning and conditioning can be used in advertising is in the use of celebrities as conditioned stimuli to help with the associative learning process. Recent work by Till et al (2008) has established that the use of celebrities in advertising can actually have an active, operant conditioning, effect on conditioning, in spite of advertising being more of a classical conditioning medium. In addition to this, the operant learning effects will tend to be more effective when there is a fit between celebrity and product, and will also tend to be more enduring than peer products with no celebrity endorsement (Till et al, 2008). Similar observations have been made for the use of event or sports team sponsorship, although this has been shown to have more of a classical conditioning than an operant learning effect (Speed and Thompson, 2000). Again, the effectiveness of this approach is driven by the fit between the sponsor and event or team; as well as perceptions of the sponsor and their motivations for the sponsorship (Speed and Thompson, 2000). However, in spite of the now widespread use of classical conditioning as a method for interpreting the effects of advertising, and the less wide spread use of operant learning, there are still critics of these approaches. In particular, Allen and Madden (1985) argue that there is a need for a more precise ‘affective-conditioning hypothesis’ to be created in order to better describe the effects of advertising, and in the absence of unequivocal evidence to support classical conditioning effects. In addition, Stuart et al (1987) conducted experiments to determine exactly what classical conditioning effects could be observed within the context of advertising and consumer behaviour. These experiments demonstrated that whilst classical attitude conditioning could be observed at all four levels of stimulus pairing, environmental conditioning and latent inhibition acted to strongly retard these conditioning effects. This implies that the affect of classical conditioning approach es in advertising cannot be accurately predicted, due to the wide range of environmental and latent inhibitions which will be inherent in the majority of consumers who have already been exposed to advertising for any great length of time (Stuart et al, 1987). One example of an advertising campaign which has used classical conditioning and operant learning is the move by the supermarket chain Sainsbury’s to use celebrity chef Jamie Oliver to front a major advertising campaign, and effectively be â€Å"the TV face of Sainsburys† (Wheeler, 2003). This advertising campaign can be seen to have a strong classical conditioning effect, as it helps customers to associate the products and branding that they see in Sainsbury’s stores with a well recognised culinary expert. In addition, the use of a relevant celebrity will provide operant learning, something which has been supported by the inclusion of promotional materials such as Jamie Oliver recipe cards, which have been made available to customers. Wheeler (2003) provides evidence of the success of the operant conditioning impact of this campaign: after Oliver demonstrated how to use Sainsburys truffle butter to cook an appetising Christmas turkey, Sainsbury’s reported selling more than 50,000 jars of the product. This shows that Oliver’s recommendations, shown on TV, on recipe cards and in store, conditioned customers to associate the butter with cooking a high quality meal, thus increasing sales. However, there is also evidence that Sainsbury’s has suffered somewhat from existing environmental conditioning towards Oliver, with Walker (2005) reporting that Oliver is someone that â€Å"people either love or hate†. As such, some people will already have negative conditioning around Oliver, and this conditioning will act to inhibit any conditioning around Sainsbury’s brand and products. In addition, Oliver’s actions, such as refusing to use Sainsbury’s farmed salmon in his restaurants despite endorsing it for the company, will also impair conditioning; as people will perceive a conflict between the two stimuli (Walker, 2005). On addition, Oliver’s personal views can also condition customers against the Sainsbury’s brand, as reported by the Telegraph (2008) when Oliver â€Å"attacked Sainsburys for failing to turn up to a debate on factory farming†. Whilst the company allowed a senior director to be interviewed as part of the program, and none of the other major supermarkets sent representatives to the debate, the conditioned association between Oliver and Sainsbury’s means that the consequences of non attendance will likely be higher for Sainsbury’s, and may further impair conditioning. In addition, Sainsbury’s should look to boost its use of Oliver in more operant conditioning settings, in order to overcome these issues. For example, the supermarket could make use of the interactive nature of the internet to set up a ‘cook with Jamie’ part of the site, where customers could download recipes and watch how they are cooked. This would help them make associations between buying Sainsbury’s products and cooking appetising meals, as well as making it easier for them to cook meals once they have bought the ingredients. The campaign could also be boosted by the use of more in store activities associated with Oliver, such as holding in store tastings of products he has endorsed, or demonstrating their use in store. For example, in the week before Xmas, by holding a demonstration of how to use the truffle butter mentioned above to cook a turkey, Sainsbury’s could have benefitted from operant conditioning and learning, and further boosted its sales of the product. In conclusion, in spite of the difficulties associated with using both operant conditioning and classical conditioning in advertising and promotions, it is clear that both techniques still have significant potential applications to real life advertising campaigns. In particular, the use of the internet and association with well known celebrities allows retailers, and other businesses, to benefits from the combined effects of classical conditioning and operant learning, to further boost associations. By doing so, and ensuring that the associations are relevant and pertinent to the customers, retailers can achieve both short term success, as seen in the truffle butter example above, and long term success, as described by Grossman and Till (1998), by making long term adjustments to the environmental conditioning of their customers. References Ackerberg, D. A. (2003) Advertising, learning, and consumer choice in experience good markets: an empirical examination. International Economic Review; Vol. 44, Issue 3, p. 1007-1040. Daugherty, T. Li, H. and Biocca, F. (2008) Consumer learning and the effects of virtual experience relative to indirect and direct product experience. Psychology Marketing; Vol. 25, Issue 7, p. 568-586. Domjan, M. E. (2003) The Principles of Learning and Behaviour; Fifth Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson / Wadsworth. Grossman, R. P. and Till, B. D. (1998) The Persistence of Classically Conditioned Brand Attitudes. Journal of Advertising; Vol. 27, Issue 1, p. 23-31. Herr, P. M. and Fazio, R. H. (1991) On the Effectiveness of Repeated Positive Expressions as an Advertising Strategy. Advances in Consumer Research; Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 30-32. Kim, J. Jeen-Su L. and Bhargava, M. (1998) The Role of Affect in Attitude Formation: A Classical Conditioning Approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science; Vol. 26, Issue 2, p. 143-152. Osselaer, S. M. J. A. and Alba, J. W. (2000) Consumer Learning and Brand Equity. Journal of Consumer Research; Vol. 27, Issue 1, p. 1-16. Ottemann, R. and Luthans, F. (1975) An Experimental Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of An Organizational Behavior Modification Program In Industry. Academy of Management Proceedings; p. 140-142. Pavlov, I. P. (1927) Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. London: Oxford University Press. Pawlowski, D. R. Badzinski, D. M. and Mitchell, N. (1998) Effects of Metaphors on Childrens Comprehension and Perception of Print Advertisements. Journal of Advertising; Vol. 27, Issue 2, p. 83-98. Skinner, B. F. (1957) Verbal Learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Speed, R. and Thompson, P. (2000) Determinants of Sports Sponsorship Response. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science; Vol. 28, Issue 2, p. 227-238. Stuart, E. W. Shimp, T. A. and Engle, R. W. (1987) Classical Conditioning of Consumer Attitudes: Four Experiments in an Advertising Context. Journal of Consumer Research; Vol. 14, Issue 3, p. 334-349. Telegraph, The (2008) Sainsburys playing chicken, says Jamie Oliver. The Daily Telegraph and Telegraph.co.uk. 8th January 2008. Accessed 20th July 2008: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1574897/Sainsburys-playing-chicken,-says-Jamie-Oliver.html Till, B. D. and Priluck, R. L. (2000) Stimulus Generalization in Classical Conditioning: An Initial Investigation and Extension. Psychology Marketing; Vol. 17, Issue 1, p. 55-72. Till, B. D. Stanley, S. M. and Priluck, R. L. (2008) Classical conditioning and celebrity endorsers: An examination of belongingness and resistance to extinction. Psychology Marketing; Vol. 25, Issue 2, p. 179-196. Walker, A. (2005) Profile: Jamie Oliver. BBC News: Magazine. 30th March 2005. Accessed 20th July 2008: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4394025.stm Wheeler, B. (2003) Sainsbury banks on fresh Oliver ads. BBC News: Business. 11th June 2003. Accessed 20th July 2008: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2979646.stm

A Realistic View Of Life Essay

People say it is important to have a realistic view of life. For 99% of people this is true. For most people, to not have a realistic view of life is to risk failure to achieve one ¡Ã‚ ¦s goals and dreams. Such people usually become lonely and bitter. Every so often, however, one person refuse to accept what others call a  ¡Ã‚ §realistic view ¡Ã‚ ¨ of life and insist on changing the world around then to fit the vision they have in their head. Such people has the power to change the world for the better or worse, for good or evil. Bin Laden is such a man. Unfortunately, he has chosen an evil path using violence and pain to try to force his view on others, not to convince then by superior thoughts. If people do not achieve their goals and dreams, they would probably become dissatisfied with their lives. For example, if a boy dreams his whole life of becoming a doctor, but never gets into medical school, he would probably end up feeling disappointed. The same thing is true for any goals a person has in their life. For this reason, it is important that people choose goals that are realistic and that can be achieved. Therefore, someone should not plan on becoming the richest in the world and marry the most beautiful person in the world because the chances are it will not happen. Some people, however, refuse to accept the idea that they cannot achieve any dreams they have. A person like this may decide to become a doctor even when his teachers say he will not be able to pass the test. A person like this will study so hard and work so hard that he is willing to take the test as many tests as he has to in order to pass. People who are like this are sometimes the people who change the world around them. Instead of letting the world tell them what they can and cannot do, this people pursue their dreams and try to make the world fit their dreams. People who refuse to accept a limit to their dreams can have the power to change the world. Many famous inventors in history did not listen to people around them who said  ¡Ã‚ §Give up, it won ¡Ã‚ ¦t work ¡Ã‚ ¨. The famous Wright Brothers were the first to invent airplanes. Many people told them  ¡Ã‚ §it won ¡Ã‚ ¦t work ¡Ã‚ ¨. The Wright Brothers, however, refuses to listen to these people and follow their dreams. As a result, they helped change the world and now many  people fly around the world because of them. Not all people who refuse to listen to others and follow their dreams are good. Of course the Wright Brothers and famous scientists like Einstein can be seen as good because they made inventions in order to help the world. Someone like Bin Laden, however, is persuing his great dreams in order to hurt the world. Bin Laden has probably been told by many people that he will not be able to beat the United States and change the world. He has refused to listen to these people and has gone on to fight a war. In contrast, both Bin Laden and Einstein have unrealistic view of life and both have dreams that they want to pursue. The only difference is Bin Laden pursues his dreams with power for evil purpose. In conclusion, for most people it is important to have a realistic view of life since they risk unhappiness if they do not have one. There are a few people for whom a realistic view of life is not needed since they will change the world through their actions. Hopefully, such people will change the world for the better and not the worse.

Cultural Investigation Essay

The paper will discuss the main aspect of a Comanche and what their culture is like. The paper encapsulates an interview from such a Native American and this interview will be analyzed with the help of other sources from the Internet. The paper will be followed by first introducing the Comanche tribe with their features and then go about analyzing the interview. The culture of the Comanche will be discussed in the light of how they treat their elders, children and their relatives. The culture also includes some of their important aspects of religion along with the language that they use. The paper will attempt to cover the overall aspect of the Comanche and their effect in the society. Introduction to a Comanche â€Å"The Comanche are a Native American group whose historical range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day Eastern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of Northern and Southern Texas. There might once have been as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today, the Comanche Nation consists of approximately 10,000 members, about half of whom live in Oklahoma (centered at Lawton), with the remainder concentrated in Texas, California, and New Mexico. † (Wikipedia, 2006 ) From the above definition it can be understood that the Comanches are very old inhabitants of the United States of America and have long lived there. There are a number of reasons why the Comanches had left their older origin which is near Wyoming. The tribe had shifted to Arkansas where they are now inhabited. The reason why the Comanche is given a name like that is because it is believed that they like to fight and act as strangers to the other people. The origin of Comanche comes from a Spanish word and this is why it is used. They have always been a separate group and have not mingled much with the other tribes and other citizens of the country. Interview of a Comanche The name of the interviewee was Andrea Pahdocony who belongs to a tribe called Comanche of Oklahoma† Lord of the Plain’s†). The following questions and answers provide a summary of what their culture is like and how they live their lives. The questions and answers will then be analyzed along with other material to understand what their culture and beliefs are along with their values.

How to Become a Technical Support Engineer

How to Become a Technical Support Engineer With almost every industry and company going as digital as possible these days, technical problem solvers are in high perpetual demand. This is where professionals like technical support engineers come in. What Does a Technical Support Engineer Do?Technical support engineers (sometimes also called information technology/IT technical support engineers) serve as tech gurus for a company. They might work with external users (like customers or clients) or internal users (like employees). IT technical support engineers use their expertise about various tech and computer systems to help troubleshoot issues, or maintain day-to-day operations. Their tasks may include:Designing computer systems to meet particular needs for a companyProviding support for customers or clients in person, via phone, or via computerProviding support for employees in person, via phone, or via computerMonitoring day-to-day performance of tech systemsTraining people how to use various systemsDiagnosing and troublesho oting tech problemsHelping companies implement new hardware or software systemsTechnical support engineers can be found virtually anywhere there is tech. These professionals can work in any industry, as there are jobs available in both the private and public sectors.What Skills Do Technical Support Engineers Have?Technical support engineers need to have strong tech backgrounds, of course, but they’ll also need a diverse skill set to find a job along that career path- a mix of hard and soft skills.Tech SkillsTechnical support engineers need a strong set of hard tech skills, and a strong basis in current technology. Depending on the job itself, they may need to have hands-on experience with specific kinds of hardware, software, applications, and systems.Customer ServiceThis role is a service job, no matter whether an engineer is working with colleagues at his or her company, or actual customers or clients. A strong sense of customer service is a major asset, as the engineer wil l be helping and coaching people of varying tech expertise, and helping make sure their technology is running as it should. Patience is a major asset here.CommunicationPart of the technical support engineer’s job is breaking down complex technological concepts so that they can be understood by a lay person who may be using the technology without understanding the sophisticated logic and engineering behind it. Being comfortable with translating concepts for different audiences, being able to present information clearly and articulately, and feeling comfortable with back-and-forth conversations are all essential to the role. Listening skills are also very important here, given that the technical support engineer often needs to diagnose what’s wrong, and how to fix it.Problem SolvingTechnical support engineers are, by nature, problem solvers. They help others use technology to do work more efficiently, and they ensure that the technology is working correctly. Companies de pend on their technical support team to come up with solutions to make sure that everything is running smoothly, tech-wise. That can mean coming up with creative solutions to tricky problems on the fly, as well as implementing best practices overall to ensure that problems won’t recur.FlexibilityTech problems don’t just happen from 9 to 5 on non-holiday weekdays. Technical support engineers may be on call at odd times, or be called in when there’s a crisis, regardless of time. If you’re not open to an â€Å"all hands on deck† situation when it comes to your hours, this might not be the best tech job for you.Tech-SavvinessThis may seem like a no-brainer, but it’s crucial to be up on the current technology and methods. The hot apps and systems a year ago might not be the best option now, and companies typically want their tech support team to be as current as possible on tech trends and processes. Being a quick, adaptable learner when it comes to new tech is key for a technical support engineer.Project ManagementThe technical support engineer may be called upon to manage larger projects, like making system changes or implementing new hardware/software. This means having the management and organizational skills to shepherd a project from start to finish, involving the necessary people, sticking to a schedule, and (if applicable) staying on budget. [via Pinterest/ProSyn]What Education Do Technical Support Engineers Need?While the basic education requirements can vary depending on the industry and the company, a technical support engineer typically needs a four-year degree in engineering, computer science, or a similar technical discipline. Experience may be able to trump a degree in some circumstances, but a two-year degree in information technology, computer science, or computer engineering is a bare minimum.How Much Do Technical Support Engineers Get Paid?This can be a pretty lucrative field, if you have the skills to go for it. According to PayScale, the median salary for a technical support engineer is $60,674 per year. This can vary according to experience and location, as well as areas of specialty and expertise.What’s the Outlook for Technical Support Engineers?This is a field that will continue to grow for the foreseeable future, as technology grows ever more sophisticated, and companies need qualified professionals to support it. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the field will grow by at least 12% by 2024, faster than average for all jobs.If you have strong tech skills and a passion for helping people solve problems, this can be a great career path for you. As a technical support engineer, you’ll never run out of challenges, and it’s a path that will keep you right on the cutting edge.

Palestinian Refugee Conflict.

Palestinian Refugee Conflict. A controversial topic that seems to arise in daily television programs, forms of literature, and even conversation is the Palestinian refugee conflict. With supporters on both factions of the issue and with increasing violence exhibited by both Palestinians and Israelis, it is hard to distinguish what is the main root of the problem and what can be done to solve it. This dilemma has plagued and effected both the Jewish and Arab followers, and politicians that range from extreme liberal Democrats to conservative zealots.Foremost, it is necessary to become familiar with why there is a dispute. Although most people believe the problem dates to the biblical era, it actually began in the late nineteenth century when the Zionist movement was created. This was established as a belief in which there should be a homeland and independent nation for the Jewish people called Israel. European Jews settled in the Ottoman ruled district of Palestine, which was home to mostly an Arab population.The main differences between the 1947 partition pr...After the Allies defeated the Ottomans in World War I, the British were given a ruling by the League of Nations to control Palestine. Jewish immigrants started to journey to Palestine unregulated. The high Arab population started to become the minority as more and more Semitic people moved in. After World War II, holocaust survivors also immigrated to Palestine. After that, the United Nations declared Palestine to be Israel, the new official Jewish homeland. Arabs fled the area as Israeli forces moved in and forced them out. The refugees set up camps and new villages in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The new nation of Israel decided that was also within their jurisdiction and forced them out, leaving the Palestinians with no home or country to call their own.The Jewish consensus was that Palestine rightfully...

The Period of Middle Childhood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Period of Middle Childhood - Assignment Example Middle childhood ages are thus shaped by their orientation and inclination to leadership in these organizations. Mediation has further been highlighted as a core source of leadership. This is due to the fact that it leads to critical thinking and the addition of new perspectives and the leading of these organizations to improve the leadership motive and the development of new mental processes which prepares the children for the transition into the into the next stage of development, adolescence. The level of leadership skills within these individuals as they transit to the next stage of development is the core determinant of how successful they go through this stage of management without necessarily losing their leadership traits (Karpov, 2009). However, children transition into this stage without the adequate leadership skills leads to a chaotic adolescence period. According to Vygotsky and neo Vygotskians, reading and learning is the root of gaining scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge assists individuals cultivate better leadership skills and in the absence of learning, the capacity of people to venture into successful leadership is highly limited to their skills and abilities. These skills and abilities are mainly acquired during the learning process they undergo. In Vygotsky’s argument most children in industrialized countries, during their middle childhoods, undergo intensive learning to acquire the necessary skills required for these nations to attain overall success. During the middle childhood, there are a variety of issues that have been presented to pose a number of issues on the overall wellbeing of the individual. However, the most interesting aspect about middle childhood is the developmental process which individuals undergo during the learning process. The middle childhood revolves around school, since school is where these children can interact with their friends, as most of their friends are within the schools they learn. Arguably,

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Project Management - Essay Example Rapid results benefits fall into three classes. First, mini projects allow the initiators to determine the success rate of the projects in terms of the activities that require undertaking. Correction of Problems seen at early stages normally carried out as soon as there is the detection this reduces the chances of shady work. Secondly, result delivery period is short. During the implementation of the mini projects in a project, results achievement is less than a hundred days. Lastly, rapid results approach enhances motivation at work due to the quick results. Workers or employees feel a sense of reward due to quick results and hence feel that if they work more hard more results achieved. According to (Sylvester, n.d.) there are several attributes that require inclusion in rapid results for result achievement include impact variable, period, measurement, and scope. People and managers have a different perspective of Rapid results; the view is that it prevents project failure and probl em identification done at the beginning rather than waiting for the outcome at the end. According to reports, fifty percent of the projects fail, this is due to lack of use of rapid results. An example of a current workplace that lacks utilization of rapid result initiative in Kenya. A case study showing the number of people infected and living with HIV and AIDS in Kenya shows that many people have the virus, but they do not know. The lack of awareness is due to lack of use of rapid result initiatives (Mwangi, 2012). According to a survey undertaken in 2007 by Kenya Aids Indicator Survey (KAIS) and published by CDC, shows that eight out of ten infected people are unaware of their status. In the next year that is 2008, a research indicated that 6.3 percent of the adults between the ages of fifteen and forty-nine are living with HIV.

Leadership in nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership in nursing - Essay Example This paper aims to provide a model of leadership in nursing. It also outlines factors that influence leadership styles, discusses approaches to leadership and the impact of the leadership style on nursing care. Besides, impact on nursing education/practice, role of the nurse, problem identification, solution, and nursing implication is discussed at length. Leadership is about knowing how to make visions become reality. This definition remains constant whether it is nursing, medical or healthcare leadership. In general the vision that nurses have is one where patients are treated with dignity and respect at all times; where systems are designed for the benefit of individual needs; and where the work performed by nurses is valued and respected. From a nursing perspective the three key foundation stones that helped nursing achieve the vision of a patient centred health service are development of patient centred care measures as part of performance management and the clinical governance agenda; leadership based on personal growth and development principles and; new clinical career and competency framework for nursing (Kitson, 2001). Achieving these visions will require a paradigm shift in the philosophy, priorities, policies, and power relationships of the health service. While a fall in the number of nursing leaders may be attributed to the current nursing shortage, studies have noted that there is also a significant deficiency in the number of nursing leaders. Even at major research and teaching hospitals, chief financial officers are worried about the scarcity of nursing staff (Singhapattanapong, 2002). Unfortunately an overlooked aspect of this nursing shortage is the dearth of leaders among nurses. In 2002, nurses are in a distinct position to influence healthcare policy and legislation. There is a need for nursing leadership to exert that influence and by nurturing both

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Many people nowadays depend on fast food restaurants in their daily life. Most of them particularly young people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and pizza. There are many this restaurants are popular. The main ones are that the fast food is easy to get, cheaper, tastes delicious, and it is always ready. The main reason why fast food is so popular is because it is easy to get. Many people work long hours, so they do not have time to prepare their own food. It is easier and more convenient to stop and get something fast to eat, like a hamburger or a pizza. Also, in this times many women work and because of that they have less time to prepare family meals. It is easier for them to just order some fast food. Another reason for the popularity of fast food is that it tastes delicious. Fast food gives the children the kind of food they really love, such as nuggets, pizza, donuts, fries and hot dogs. Everyone loves fast food not only because it is always ready also because it tastes delicious. Nowadays fast food is also very popular because of advertisement. All forms of media advertise about fast food, such as the internet, television and billboards in the street. By these advertisements they know where every restaurant of fast food is located. The final reason why people also love fast food is because there are so many of them, next to their work place, their homes or on the side of the road. That is an important point to many people, because they do not want to waste time searching for a restaurant to eat, they want something near, fast and cheap. People eat fast food for many reasons, both bad and good. Most of the people consume it because it is easy to get, it is delicious and because they are everywhere. Everyone in some point of their life has eaten these food, because of the lack of time, or because you do not feel like cooking. Eating this type of food is not bad as long as you do not overdo it. If you combine it with a nutritious food everything is fine.

Fight Club - When Does Life Have No Purpose? :: essays research papers

David Fincher’s Fight Club is a narrated movie that explains the journey of the narrator’s mid-life crisis; the movie begins with the ending scene, a microscopic view of a gun inside of the narrator’s mouth. All of the particles and germs are very visible to give the viewer an idea of what to expect. This scene suggests a dirty, winding, and emotional journey that the narrator will take. The narrator at first finds himself with insomnia. At the same time he is obsessed with consumer goods–he buys complete sets of everything. He works for a major automobile company as an agent who decides whether the cost of a recall is cheap enough to make profit. His job significantly sets up his depressed life. Day after day he travels to examine cars in accidents with remains of human dead burned to the seats. It is his job by which he feels so burdened, and he seems to try to get away from it by buying furniture. The story revolves around these three examples. The gun is full of bacteria; furniture is bought by money, a dirty obsession, and his job deals with car accidents. The Narrator has surrounded himself with consumer goods to occupy and satisfy himself, but when they can no longer satisfy him he breaks down emotionally. Although David Fincher put significance on soap as being a major part of the movie, it doesn’t relate to every instance that it should. In this movie, soap is used to cleanse the body of luxury goods. Fight Club is all about eliminating things that aren’t necessary. Soap cleanses, and several times soap is not used. When they are fighting in the fight club, blood is a dominant image. It is a sign of being able to let go of all your material goods, if you can let go of your physical health. Here soap has no significance; The Narrator, however, uses soap in what could be his possible financial future. By selling this highly profitable soap he can make an easy living, but it would change nothing in his life. The significance of soap with fighting, therefore, is not easily visible. This is what makes visible the fact that fighting releases anger. If blood is noteworthy and is not to be cleaned off, then it is accepted. The narrator soon finds himself with a severe case of insomnia. He describes it: â€Å"with insomnia, nothing is real.

American Revolution – Essay 12

Carly Zeravica American Revolution Essay Period 3 9/20/11 When did the American Revolution start? Some historians say that it began after the French and Indian War ended in 1763 and others say that it began when the colonists first came to North America in 1607. Regardless, the colonists achieved separation from the changeless ways in Britain and created new ideas for the â€Å"new world. † After years of ignorance from Britain, the colonies began to form their own identity as a whole. They now had a vision of their future, but were restrained in numerous ways by the British. However, the colonists refused to tolerate British limitations. The American Revolution was a product of colonial rejection to Britain’s attempts at taxation, legislation, and economic control. Britain’s triumph in the Seven Years’ War came with a price. Britain acquired a large amount of land from the defeated empires of France and Spain, accompanied by a large amount of debt. About half of this debt was a result of defending the American colonies. Therefore, the British government began taxing the colonies in order to pay off their substantial monetary obligation. Americans became infuriated, especially with officials such as Prime Minister George Grenville, who imposed The Sugar Act. This placed a tax on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. The British viewed taxation as colonial compensation for protection. The Sugar Act excitement settled after the duty was lowered, but it was soon followed by more taxing. Charles Townshend, a British politician, influenced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These acts placed an import tax on items such as glass, paper, and tea. Colonists rebelled once again, creating nonimportation agreements against the Townshend Acts. Although colonists were primarily angry with the tax on tea, they ignored the duties and began smuggling. Ultimately, taxation was a British effort to abuse the rights of the Americans. Taxes, along with Parliamentary legislations and economy, eventually built up, intensified, and led to the American Revolution. Throughout the seventeenth century, the American colonies argued with Britain about the level of freedom they deserved. Britain believed that the colonists had too much freedom, while they claimed there wasn’t enough. Britain took action by passing a series of laws and acts, restricting the thirteen colonies further. London government started their restrictions by issuing the Proclamation of 1763. This document stated that the colonists could not settle land beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The Proclamation was viewed as an â€Å"oppression† by Americans, particularly land speculators. They felt that their right to progress west was being taken from them, and were thoroughly angered at this. However, British government wouldn’t stop here. Until 1763, Navigation Laws were faintly enforced, allowing products to be shipped to the colonies without going through British vessels or the country itself. Then, Prime Minister George Grenville demanded that the British navy strictly impose the laws. The Americans wanted to have control of their â€Å"new world†, and saw no logic in confinement to British rule. Nonetheless, more policies were issued, including the infamous Intolerable Acts. These rules were placed on Massachusetts, Boston specifically, taking away the rights of the colonists living there. As a part of the Intolerable Acts, the Quebec Act was passed, expanding the Quebec borders to the Ohio River and granting French Canadians exclusive rights. Bitterness continued to brew in the colonies because these acts proved inequality within America. There was no colonial government whatsoever, and the British policies were strongly enforced. All that was left in the hands of the colonists was the growth of their economy, or so they thought. Wealth was power in the eyes of mercantilists, and wealth was determined by the amount of gold or silver a country possessed. The thirteen colonies were used essentially as a factory by London government, producing what was necessary to fulfill their mercantilist goals. They were solely meant to generate goods for Britain, who saw their aspiration to have an independent economy as a unrealistic. All gold and silver was going straight to Britain, and the Americans soon ran out of funds. Consequently, they were required to print and utilize paper currency. Parliament banned this, shutting down this step towards economic self-sufficiency. Colonial production was only beneficial to the mother country and when Americans grasped this, it was the inal straw of toleration. Upon departure from Britain in 1607, settlers were guaranteed the â€Å"rights of Englishmen†. Following their arrival, these promised rights were rapidly being taken away from Americans. As the colonies tried to stand on their own, Britain strived to maintain power. Restrictions and regulations began to infest the colonies, and quickly be came unbearable to the liberated Americans. Taking action against British smothering, the colonists revolted. The American Revolution was a product of colonial rejection to Britain’s attempts at taxation, legislation, and economic control.

Community, Responsibility, and Guilt

Community, Responsibility, and Guilt The novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells the story of Santiago Nasar's death. More importantly it tells the story of what values and honor mean to a community and to what extent one can go to maintain that standard. A central theme in the novel is how a society can pressurize its people to act and behave in a certain way. They feel bound by a standard that if not kept, then it will bring shame to their family. In the novel, after her husband returns Angela Vicario to her family on their wedding night, she admits that it is Nasar that had aken her virginity.Her brothers, Pablo and Pedro, viscously murder Nasar to regain their sister's and familys honor. In this society a man or woman without honor is an outcast to the community and to the culture. Almost everyone in the community knew what was going to happen but no one did anything about it. Everyone in the community had excuses to why they did nothing to help. Excus es stating that they didn't believe it would really happen or that they Just didn't know what to do. Each person seemed to Just hope that someone else would do it; someone else would stop hem, and didn't want to take responsibility.The novel reflects how a community can victimize individuals within its society causing detrimental affects to both the general public and the specific individuals involved. The novel looks into the Latin American culture and how its cultural norms and the importance of honor effects the entire community. The principles that obligates the Vicario family and the community conducts the murder of a most likely innocent Santiago Nasar and burdens Pedro and Pablo with the duty to defend the family honor.In this culture, honor of a woman's purity does not only belong to the female individually but the honor belongs to the family as well. To not be pure can bring shame on the family name in the eyes of the entire community. So much so that keeping ones honor is more important than been truthful and keeping Godly values. This double standard makes it okay for a women to deceive their husband into thinking that they're virgins. We see this in the novel, page thirty-eight, where Angela is taught old wives tricks to fake her virginity on her wedding night and told that it is ommon that women have to do this.The community consists of both Latin culture and Arab culture ranging for different social classes. However, as stated in the lecture notes, both cultures connect through religion. Both the Latin and Arab cultures in the novel are Catholic. The Catholic religion is very important to all the members of the community. Cultural beliefs, traditions, and rituals form the Catholic Church influence the roles of the family. The novel presents a break down in religion. A break down in religion causes a break down in family values. This is why almost a ouble standard is seen with the communitys values.In the book, the Bishop never comes ashore to giv e his blessing, acting as if he is to good to stand with the people of the community and seems to Just be going through the motions. Another example is how Father Amador is told about the plan to murder Santiago but he never tries to stop it blaming it on being busy and not knowing what to do. If a leader of the church church do it either? The novel stress the importance of the Catholic Church and practicing church tradition, but at the same time there is stress to put all that aside or the sake of honor.To defend ones honor, it is okay to lie and murder as long as it is Just. It is even okay to make excuses for guilt. â€Å"No one even wondered whether Santiago Nasar had been warned, because it seemed impossible to all that he hadn't† (Marquez, p. 20). Everyone had an excuse for why they didn't get involved. They felt they didn't have to do anything because someone else would do it. Another double standard is how men having premarital sex at the brothel or prostitution house seems to be acceptable in the community but a woman having sexual relations efore marriage is what is wrong.The community is collectively thinking. No one is standing up as an individual. So then when everyone decides to stay silent the effects of their actions intern breaks down the community responsibility to its members causing havoc for many of the characters and the public as a whole. Having honor and commitment to the family and community is major theme of the Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Societal responsibility is different for men and women. â€Å"The boys were brought up to be men. The girls had been reared to get married† (p. 31).The community emphasizes a machismo culture. The women are taught to have suffered, be pure and be compliant to men. Men are taught to show and prove their masculinity and to be dominating. Society fails to care for and victimizes Santiago Nasar. However, I feel that the other characters are somewhat victims as well. Santiago, most likel y innocent, is victimized because he is slaughtered for deflowering Angela Vicario. Pedro and Pablo are victims because they are bound by honor and duty to regain their familys honor by killing the man believed to have taken it. So he ut the knife in his hand and dragged him off almost by force in search of their sister's lost honor. â€Å"There's no way out of this,† he told him. â€Å"It's as if it had already happened† (Marquez p. 61). This quote shows how the Vicario brothers are ruled by their cultural beliefs and feel that they have to do the deadly deed to be respected. Other examples are the hypocritical gender differences, which makes Angela a victim; and Bayardo is a victim due to the cultural expectation of having a pure wife and if she is not then he has to return her and face the embarrassment.This victimization of many of the characters is because they are all bound by the rules of their community's culture leaving them with no other outcome. Santiago is easily victimized because he was never told that he was going to be killed. He was a sitting duck unaware of the hidden predators waiting to slaughter him. This victimization was because no one in the community took responsibility and in the end their society felt that the murder was Just due to family duty and the regaining of ones honor.The structure of the story is told by an anonymous narrator who was there at he time of the scandal and returns years later to recollect information of how the murder of Santiago Nasar came to be. The narrator was apart of the community; in the novel the reader is told that he is a friend of Santiago Nasar and many of the other characters and we are told who his family members are as well. The narrator to is guilty like the rest of the community for not taking charge and helping to stop the murder of Nasar. He never mentions himself taking part in the responsibility to save Santiago or stop the Vicario brothers.He portrays the community as being au sing a double standard between genders. Men are masculine and dominate and women are submissive and taught to please the man. Overall he shows how the community's responsibility for each other falls apart. The reader finds out information on Santiagds death and how it came about through a series of ways: directly, indirectly, through associations, and hearing it talked about. In the novel, time Jumps from past to future throughout the five chapters and we are given different accounts of the events from various people in the community reconstructing the details of Santiagds murder.This adds more emotional effects in understanding the community obligations that lead to the murderous deed, but it also leaves the readers with a lot of questions and assumptions. Chronicle of a Death Foretold tells the story of a commun. This novel underscores how religious beliefs and cultures can nurture a warped sense of honor and values. In the novel the characters believe they are doing the right thi ng, but in actuality they go against the values of their religion that they claim is so important. Honor is above all and put above their very sense of right and wrong.

Marketing Project Example

Marketing Project Example Marketing Project Example The marketing project example is the type of creative work aimed to successfully advertise products or services. Â  In the modern world, the trend of preferring local producers of all the possible goods is becoming more popular every year. People tend to believe that a local producer would have the best quality of grocery or other goods just because they are produced in the area around consumers. That is why, the marketing project example is going to describe the campaign designed for the local company. To start the local company, an entrepreneur should do a huge amount of work. An essential step is to conduct a marketing campaign about the product of the future company to find out the market size, possible revenue, and volume of sales. The company, which would be the scope of the research is the new grocery store with one hundred percent natural, GMO and pesticides free products. The first step of each marketing campaign is setting the goal of it. It sounds slightly easy but each purpose of sales or marketing should have different campaigns, which use different tools and methods to operate it. In the case of launching a new local grocery brand, the marketing campaign should answer the questions about intended volume of sales, market size, and expectations about profit. The deadline for this marketing project completion is three months, which is enough to conduct an extensive research and analyze the obtained results. The success of the marketing project and its level of confidence mainly depends on the methods of marketing research, which were to create this project. It means that methodology should be chosen very carefully. In the case of a new grocery store, it was decided to choose an effective mix of methods, which would provide both scientific and ‘field’ data. Firstly, focus-group method would be applied. It would help to get the scientific social information about the intended consumers of this area and to assess the prospects of the new store. The second method would be the observation of the real grocery events during two months. It would provide the marketing specialists with the most relevant information, which is gathered ‘on the field’. The reason of choosing those two methods is because they support each other. One is very credible with small groups, but still is a sociological one, which means that it could have irrelevant data because of the focus-group size. Another method is not so exact, but it provides a general idea about the market and prospects of the new brand. After two months, the research specialists could start working with gathered information to organize it into the proper marketing project summary. The obtained information was gathered by fifty focus groups; each consisted of fifteen people with a different demographic background. Furthermore, the analysis of eleven events from the intended market, for instance, weekend grocery markets or thematic events of this industry have also given some relevant info. The marketing specialists made an excellent job to analyze the obtained data, using the last version of STATISTICS software. The marketing project is credible and relevant, which is shown by the 95 percent confidence of the obtained data. References Hall, R. (2009). Brilliant marketing. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kerin, R., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W. (2009). Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Peck, D. (2011). Think before you engage. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley Sons. Treadaway, C. Smith, M. (2010). Facebook marketing. Indianapolis: Wiley Pub.