Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Book Review of R.J. Palacios Wonder
Book Review of R.J. Palacio's 'Wonder' Wonder, R.J. Palacios debut novel, was written for children 8 to 12 years old, but its message defies genres. Published in 2012, its anti-bullying, pro-acceptance message will resonate with teenagers and even adults as well. Style Some books are action-packed, compelling the reader to turn the page to find out what happens next. Other books are compelling because they invite readers to engage with characters who are real, who come alive off the page, and who pull the reader into their story. Wonder is the latter kind of book. In fact, very little action happens within its pages, and yet readers will find themselves deeply affected by the story. Summary August Pullman (Auggie to his friends) is not an ordinary 10-year-old boy. He feels like oneà and has the interests of one, but his face is not ordinary at all. In fact, its the type of face that scares kids and makes people stare. Auggie is pretty good natured about it all. This is the way he is, after all, and while he doesnââ¬â¢t like that people stare, thereââ¬â¢s not much he can do about it. Because his face has required many reconstructive surgeries, Auggie has been homeschooled. But there are no more surgeries to be done for a while, and now Augustââ¬â¢s parents think itââ¬â¢s time that he goes to mainstream school, beginning with fifth grade in the fall. The idea of this terrifies Auggie; he knows how people react to seeing him, and he wonders if he will be able to fit in at school at all. He bravely gives it a go, but finds that itââ¬â¢s much like he expected. Many of the children laugh at him behind his back, and someone has started a game called the Plague, in which people ââ¬Å"catchâ⬠a ââ¬Å"diseaseâ⬠if they touch Auggie. One boy, Julian, leads the bullying attacks. Heââ¬â¢s the sort of kid whom adults find charming, but in reality, he is quite mean to anyone not in his circle of friends. Auggie does make two close friends: Summer, a girl who actually likes Auggie for who he is, and Jack. Jack started out as Auggieââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"assignedâ⬠friend, and when Auggie finds this out, he and Jack have a falling out. However, they patch things up at Christmas, after Jack gets suspended for hitting Julian for badmouthing Auggie. This leads to a ââ¬Å"war, with the popular boys against Auggie and Jack. While nothing more than mean words, in the form of notes in the lockers, fly between the two camps, the tension between them lasts until the spring. Then theres a confrontation between a group of older boys from a different school and Auggie and Jack at a sleep-away camp. They are hopelessly outnumbered until a group of boys who were formerly against Auggie and Jack help defend them from the bullies. In the end, Auggie has a successful year at school, and even makes the Honor Roll. In addition, the school gives him an award for courage, which he doesnt understand, musing, ââ¬Å"If they want to give me a medal for being me, Iââ¬â¢ll take it.â⬠(p. 306) He sees himself as ordinary, and in the face of everything else, he really is just that: an ordinary kid. Review Itââ¬Ës the straightforward, non-sentimental manner in which Palacio approaches her topic that makes this such an excellent book. Auggie might have an extraordinary face, but hes a regular kid, and that makes him relatable, in spite of his challenges. Palacio also shifts her point of view, telling the story through the eyes of characters other than Auggie. This allows the reader to get to know characters like Auggies sister, Via, who talks about the way her brother takes over the familyââ¬â¢s life. However, some of the other viewpoints- especially of Viaââ¬â¢s friends- feel somewhat unnecessary and bog down the middle of the book. The power of the book likes in how Palacio creates such a normal, relatable character from a boy living with such an extraordinary physical affliction. Even though Wonder is recommended for children ages 8 through 12, the books themes of identity, bullying, and acceptance make it interesting reading for a wide audience as well. About R.J. Palacio An art director by profession, R. J. Palacio first thought of the idea for Wonder when she and her children were on vacation. While there, they saw a young girl who had a condition similar to Auggieââ¬â¢s. Her children reacted badly, which got Palacio thinking about the girl and what she goes through on a daily basis. Palacio also thought about how she could have better taught her children to respond to situations like this. The book inspired Random House to start an anti-bullying campaign, called Choose Kind, with a site where people can share their experiences and sign a pledge to stamp out bullying. There you can also download an excellent Educator Guide for Wonder to use at home, or with a community grouop. Companion Book Auggie Me: Three Wonder Stories, also by R. J. Palacio, is a 320-page collection of three stories, each told from the point of view of one of three characters from Wonder: the bully Julian, Auggieââ¬â¢s oldest friend, Christopher, and his new friend, Charlotte. The stories take place prior to Auggieââ¬â¢s attending school and during his first year there. This book is neither a prequel nor a sequel to Wonder- in fact, Palacio has made it clear that she does not plan to ever write either. Instead, this book is meant as a companion for those who have already read Wonder and want to extend the experience by learning more about Auggies impact on the people around him.
Saturday, February 22, 2020
Neurofibtomatosis NF1 and NF2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Neurofibtomatosis NF1 and NF2 - Essay Example Thereafter, this affliction is also known as von Recklinghausenââ¬â¢s disease. (Von Recklinghausen, 1882). Crowe, Schull and Neel estimated that the prevalence of NF1 in the general population was 1 in 5000. Moreover, though all persons having the NF1 genes will show features of the disease, there is a large amount of variation shown in the presentation of this disease even in the same family. (Crowe, Schull and Neel, 1956). Moreover, sporadic cases are known to occur (without any family history of the disease), believed to result from germ cell mutations. (Mulvihill etal, 1990). Neurofibromatosis 2 Kantner, Eldridge, Fabricant, Allen, and Koerber found that amongst patients thought to suffer from neurofibromatosis, a certain subset of patients had propensity to develop central nervous system tumors, especially, tumors of the auditory nerves (acoustic neuromas). These patients were genetically and clinically distinct from the other neurofibromatosis patients and were subsequently identified as NF2. (Kantner, Eldridge, Fabricant, Allen, and Koerber, 1980) The prevalence of NF2 is less, estimated to be in the range of 1 in 210 000 population. (Husom, 1989.) Body Systems Affected NF1 mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, optic nerve, iris and long bones (e.g. those of the extremities) of the body. NF2, on the other hand, affects the central nervous system and causes the premature formation of cataract in the eyes. Characteristics of the Disease Gutman etal have summarized the features of the diseases. (Gutman, 1997). Neurofibromatosis 1 is characterized by the presence of cafe-au-lait spots, brownish colored patches on the skin. They may also display freckling in the axilla or groin. They develop tumors of the peripheral nerves called neurofibromas, which can arise in the nerve endings in the skin (cutaneous neurofibromas), peripheral nerves (nodular neurofibromas) or optic nerves (optic gliomas). Extensive tumor formation in the peripheral nerves is the most easily identifiable feature of NF1, leading to grotesque disfiguration of the face and limbs, a condition known as plexiform neurofibromatosis. The so-called Elephant Man, Mr. John Merrick is believed to be a victim of this condition. In addition, patients with NF1 may suffer from thinning of the long bones of the body. Some patients develop typical tumors in the iris of the eye called Lisch nodules. Patients with NF1 also have an increased tendency to develop other tumors like those of the adrenal gland (phaeochromcytoma), thyroid and parathyroid glands (as part of a syndrome called Multiple Endocrinal Neoplasia), small intestinal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia. These patients often have a larger than average sized skull (macrocephaly) and are shorter in stature. Abnormalities in the functioning of the pituitary gland may lead to precocious puberty and growth hormone deficiency. They may also have learning disabilities. Other problems associated more frequently with this condition are epilepsy, headaches and deafness. The characteristic feature of NF2 is bilateral vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas (tumors of the 8th cranial nerve ââ¬â the auditory nerve). As a result, these patients present with gradual, progressive hearing loss. Other central nervous s
Thursday, February 6, 2020
Corruption between inmates and correction officers Term Paper
Corruption between inmates and correction officers - Term Paper Example Interestingly, there is no formal definition of correctional corruption. However, the penal codes define corrupt acts to be: acceptance of honorarium, bribery, accepting sexual favors and improper influence; but, they do not authoritatively describe what constitutes corrupt. Corruption is always evident as an abuse of power, whereby individuals presume that the use of power leads to the achievement of a purpose other than what it granted. In correctional facilities, there are instances of promotion or hiring of a less qualified staff based on their relation with the supervisor. Some of the inmates may receive preferential treatment from the security personnel on the grounds that they serve as house trustees. A group of inmates may be denied their civil rights or privileges because of their faith or religion (Souryal, 28). On the other hand, use of oppression is also a form of corruption that is evident in correctional facilities. A warden may pile up charges on an inmate or an office r, which they did not commit, because of ethnicity or race. In some instances, officers and inmates may experience physical abuses, which are permitted by others, due to their different lifestyles. In the prison context, there are three metrics which generally define corruption, that is, Acts of Misfeasance, Acts of Malfeasance and Acts of Nonfeasance. Acts of misfeasance are the illicit acts, which the correction officers are supposed to undertake, nonetheless, they willingly contravene for personal gain. These acts are more often than not committed by high-ranking officers in the correctional hierarchy or by outsiders, who are linked to the prison facility through professional or political appointment. Generally, acts of malfeasance are committed by prison officers at the middle or lower management levels. These acts involve acts of misconduct or criminal acts, which the officers intentionally commit in violation of agency rules and regulations and/or state laws (Souryal 29). Acts that are in this category are trafficking of contraband, embezzlement, extortion, official oppression and the exploitation of inmates or their families for goods, money or services. Lastly, acts of nonfeasance involve avoidance or omission knowingly committed by prison officers who are responsible for undertaking such acts. These acts are common in the correctional facility despite an officerââ¬â¢s rank. There are two types of nonfeasance: an officer ignoring a prisonerââ¬â¢s violations of the institutional laws and the failure to report other officers of misconduct as a repayment of an earlier favor or personal loyalty. Additionally, there are other metrics that can be used to measure corruption in correctional facilities, which are drawn from the Path-Driven Taxonomy of Corruption Metrics. It is composed of four metrics, which are: Political-Economic-Social (PES) metrics; Public Administration (PA) metrics; Citizen Engagement (CE) metrics and Cultural (CU) metrics. In the c orrectional facilities context, the PES metrics will examine the general conditions and draw a parallel between situations or events, which make the occurrence of corruption to be very high in the prevention stage. In addition, it will also measure the existence or insight of existence of corruption in the correctional facilities; its different units and partners in the detection stage of corruption. Furthermore, the metrics will also focus on the perceived or existent actions to fight
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Hdl and Ldl Essay Example for Free
Hdl and Ldl Essay HDL means high density lipoproteins, Lipoproteins are a combination of lipid and proteins. They are very essential for the body to restore tissues and cell membranes. High density lipoproteins move very easily throughout the blood, they do not get stuck in it. HDLs are produced by the combination of unsaturated fats, cholesterol and protein. These tend to carry cholesterol from the tissues to the liver to be broken down. LDL or low density lipoprotein is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood. When a person has too much LDL cholesterol circulating in the blood, it can slowly build up within the walls of the arteries feeding the heart and brain. Together with other substances it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. The formation of a clot in the region of this plaque can block the flow of blood to part of the heart muscle and cause a heart attack. If a clot blocks the flow of blood to part of the brain, the result is a stroke. A high level of LDL cholesterol reflects an increased risk of heart disease. That is why LDL cholesterol is often called bad cholesterol. LDL are made up from saturated fats, cholesterol and proteins, these take cholesterol from the liver to the tissues where it is stored. Effects of the diet on levels of HDL and LDL The diet has a massive effect on the lipoprotein in the blood. It is best to keep a low fat diet which ensures a low lipoprotein content. A higher concentration of HDL is preferable as that lipoprotein breaks down cholesterol instead of storing it inside arteries. Why is flora heart healthy even though it is a high fat spread? Flora is heart healthy as it contains plant sterols which actively remove cholesterol from the body by partly blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Cholesterol that isnââ¬â¢t absorbed is then removed from the body, resulting in a lowering of LDL cholesterol levels.
Monday, January 20, 2020
The Role of Genetic Engineering in our Society Essay -- Technology Sci
The Role of Genetic Engineering in our Society With today's technology in genetic engineering, it seems we can almost play God. Scientifically speaking, are we enabling our bodies to survive all the traumas of a hostile environment, or are we endangering future generations to a limiting gene pool? Spiritually speaking, are we improving our bodies to save more of God's people, or are we attempting to "perfect" God's creation, and damning ourselves? The technology of genetic engineering is advancing at a dizzying pace, but is the morality at which we guide our use of this technology evolving quickly enough? The potentials of modifying our genes seem irresistible. Everything from cystic fibrosis to AIDS seems to be preventable, and we could possibly design our children to be healthier in the future. But nature always finds a way to elude our defense mechanisms. As polio seemed to fade from our world, AIDS became the new terror. We are one step from protecting ourselves from this immune system destroyer, but then, who knows what nature will strike us down with next? We must also confront the question of our faith. It is easy to justify improving our genes to save the lives of fellow human beings. How can we let a person grow up knowing s/he is going to suffer from epileptic seizures when we could have prevented it at birth? Wouldn't God want us to help these people? On the other hand, would we know when to stop? It is only logical that with our ability to prevent the harmful effects of debilitating genes, we will be able to improve on already satisfactory genes. Why should one settle for an average body, when one could have a strong, toned physique? Is that what God would want? Are we prepared to say what is okay to change ... ...n, Jack Albrecht, Rebecca Lawrence, and Brian Guerra. "Hooray for Genetic Engineering." Http://www.cwrl.utexas./genetics/benefits.html. December 18, 1996. O'Brien, Stephen J., and Michael Dean. "In Search of AIDS-Resistance Genes." Scientific American. September 1997: 44-51. Pool, Robert. "Portrait of a Gene Guy." Discover. October 1997: 50-55. Varmus, Harold. "Genetics: The Ethical Problem With Knowledge." Vital Speeches of Our Time. February 5, 1996: 334-337. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, 1989. Other Helpful Sources Marshal, Elliot. "Whose Genome is it Anyway?" Science. Vol. 273. September 27, 1996: 1788, 1789. Marshal, Elliot. "The Genome Program's Conscience." Science. Vol. 274. October 4, 1996: 488, 489. Niccol, Andrew, Director/Screenplay. GATTACA. Columbia Pictures: 1997.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Fear of Crime
Introduction Fear of Crime in members of our society today has been widely researched. For the purpose of this essay, fear of crime is used in the context of an individualââ¬â¢s perceived risk of becoming a victim of crime. In this essay it is argued that the elderly and the youngest members of our society are the most fearful of crime and that, of these age groups the elderly have the lowest risk of becoming victims of crime. Firstly, research shows that fear of crime is wide spread and that certain age groups are more fearful of becoming victims than others. Secondly, that the Mediaââ¬â¢s portrayal of crimes contributes to societyââ¬â¢s perceptions of safety and crime itself, increasing fear of crime in these age groups. Thirdly, that the Elderly fears of crime and perceived risk of victimisation is also contributed to by social and physiological factors, such as vulnerability that leads to altered lifestyle changes. Data confirms that levels of victimisation rates are low for the elderly but high for the young, which is in contrast to those in the elderly age group having heightened levels of fear. In conclusion, fear of crime is becoming a serious societal issue as our population ages being that the elderly are becoming the most fearful of crime whilst the youngest age group with the highest fear are most likely to become victims of crime. Discussion Firstly, we see that in modern society today that a growing fear of crime is widely recognised. It is acknowledged that the elderly aged 65 and over, and the youngest members aged 16 ââ¬â 24 of our society have the highest fear of crime in comparison to other age groups(Johnson, 2005). Australia has an aging population (James, 1992 p. 1), for those 85 and over numbers has doubled and there are increased numbers of those aged 65 and over. The last twenty years spanning from 1990 to 2010 has seen the number of elderly people in our society increase by 170%; in comparison to around 30% for total population growth for Australia, where those age 15 are seen to be decreasing (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). This correlated to the findings from the 2004 International Crime Victimisation Survey (Johnson, 2005) showing that the age groups 15 ââ¬â 24 and 65 and over were the most likely to answer the series of questions asked around feelings of safety when walking alone at night, utilising or waiting for public transportation at night and whether they believed they would be victims of burglary in the ext year as unsafe or very unsafe. Secondly, it is argued that the Mediaââ¬â¢s representations of criminal acts and events through sensationalised stories depicting crimes that are violent and those with a sexual nature; these have contributed to and influenced levels of fear and perceptions of risk for the age groups 15 ââ¬â 24, and 65 years and over. The first edition of Violence Today (Chappell, 1989) links societyââ¬â¢s perceptions of violent crime to media stories and publicity that is focussed on crimes of a violent nature that attributes to growing fears of crime posturing ââ¬Å"Australia is succumbing to a torrent of crime beyond the control of traditional system of traditional lawâ⬠(Chappell, 1989). The focus on violent and sexually explicit crimes by the media has left our society with the misconception that these sorts of crimes are an everyday occurrence. The Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (Roberts & Indermaur, Australian Institute of Criminology 2007) recorded that over half of those aged 65 and over believed that crime had increased over a period of two years before the survey was completed, this is attributed to an individualââ¬â¢s media consumption ââ¬â whether it be newspapers, internet or television ââ¬â of factual or fictional medians (Kort-Butler & Sittner Hartshorn, 2011). The Australian Survey of Social Attitudes also collected data on the medians that individuals get their crime and criminal justice beliefs and views from, and observed ââ¬Å"that the media remains the most important source in informing Australiansââ¬â¢ views of crimeâ⬠(Roberts & Indermaur, Australian Institute of Criminology 2007 p. 9). The importance given to certain crimes in the daily newspapers and other media sources shows us proof to the fact that crime is a topic that has the publicââ¬â¢s interest and is a focus of their worries (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001). It goes on to discuss the fact that crime as reported on by the media increases the publicââ¬â¢s levels of fears and that there is little or no correlation to actual levels of violent crime in our society today. Thirdly, crime victimisation data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008-2009, p. 17) reflects that those 65 and above are the least likely to be victims of crime with a victimisation rate much lower than all other age groups in the category of personal assault. This cannot be said or the younger age groups of 16 -24 whoââ¬â¢s fear of crime can be linked to high numbers of victimisation in the same category. Carcach, Graycar & Muscat (2001) attribute social and communal activities that elderly people partake in to this anomaly between the elderly fear of crime and victimisation rates. The change in activities of the elderly over time may contribute to the lower victimisation rates reported where on the other hand the young tend to have many more communal social activities which serve to increase their chances of victimisation. The data collected from the Crime Victimisation Survey (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008-2009) although it showed very little difference between the fear levels for the youngest age group and that of the older age group of 65 and over the differences in social activities and community relationships and the fact that the elderly are far less likely to be out alone without a companion, or travelling on public transport or waiting for the same can be accounted for, by personal vulnerability. A key concept used to explain high levels of perceived risk of victimisation is that of vulnerability. Powell & Wahidin (2007, p. 94) assert ââ¬Å"the fear of crime operates on a myriad of emotional and practical levels from feeling vulnerable and isolated, to affecting personal well ââ¬â beingâ⬠. Vulnerability has been attributed to contributing to fear of crime within the elderly age group (Carcach et al, 2001). It has been argued that ââ¬Ëpersonal vulnerabilityââ¬â¢ (Franklin, Franklin & Fearn, 2008 p. 06), the inability for an individual to protect themselves due to lack of physical strength (James, 1992) and the feelings of ââ¬Å"powerlessness to resist attackââ¬â¢ (Callanan & Teasdale, 2009 p. 362) and their worry of being able to heal from an act of victimisation (Johnson, 2005 p. 33) explains the disparity between higher levels of fear and that of actual victimisation. Cossman & Rader (2011, p. 143) add further to this that most elderly people are now livi ng alone, either having lost a lifetime partner through death, or hospitalisation due to frailty or illness also attributes to higher levels of fear of crime. A workshop held between several services and organisations in South Australia on Crime and the Elderly identified that elderly people thought themselves to be the most victimised by crime, that during the day break-ins caused them fear, however break-ins with the potential for personal assault caused the most fear after dark, these fears impacted on all aspects of their lives, which in turn has restricted and isolated them from their communities and the lifestyles they have been previously accustomed to living. Doherty, 1991, p. 1)(Johnson, 2005, p. 29) The elderly by far have the highest levels of fear that are based on misconceptions that they perceive about crime in our society today. The young 15ââ¬â 24 years of age perceive their risk of victimisation to be high and statistics show that in 2005 this age group had the highest victimisation rate for crimes against the person ( Australian Institute of Criminology, 2006). Conclusion Fear of crime in our society has far reaching implications, Australia has an aging population that exhibits one of the highest levels of fear of crime that can be attributed to feelings of vulnerability, yet statistics have shown the elderly to be the least likely to be victims of crime. Their perceived fear of victimisation has lead to changes in their lifestyles in order to protect themselves, based on misconceived notions that they are the most victimised in society. The young aged 16-24 years of age also have a high level of perceived risk from crime but this is in proportion to the victimisation rates recorded for this age group. Perceptions of fear and perceived risk of crime are contributed to by the mediaââ¬â¢s portrayal of crimes that have a violent or sexual nature which further serves to contribute to a growing fear of crime. The fact that society tends to get its views and beliefs of crime and criminal justice from the media means that misconceptions about the perceived risk of victimisation tend to be over the top and misinformed. References Australian Institute of Criminology 2006, Australian Crime: facts and figures 2005, Crime Facts Info, no. 120, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001, ââ¬ËMeasuring Wellbeing: Frameworks for Australian Social Statistics, 2001, cat. no. 4160. 0ââ¬â¢ Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, ââ¬Ë2008-2009, Crime Victimisation, Australia, cat. no 4530. 0, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, ââ¬ËPopulation by Age and Sex, Australian States and Territories, cat. No. 3201. 0ââ¬â¢, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Australian Social Trends, cat no. 4102. 0, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Callanan, V. J. , & Teasdale, B. (2009). ââ¬ËAn exploration of gender differences in measurement of fear of crimeââ¬â¢. Feminist Criminology, 4(4), 359-376. doi:10. 1177/1557085109345462à à à Carcach, C. Graycar, A. & Muscat, G. 2001 ââ¬ËThe Victimisation of Older Australiansââ¬â¢, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 212, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Chappell, D, 1989. Violence Today, no. 1 Violence, Crime and Australian Societyââ¬â¢, National Committee on Violence, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Doherty, B. 1991, Home Assist ââ¬â A new approach to House Security, Department of Employment and Further Education, Adelaide. Fearn, N. E. , Franklin, T. W. , & Franklin, C. A. (2008). ââ¬ËA multilevel analysis of the vulnerab ility, disorder, and social integration models of fear of crimeââ¬â¢. Social Justice Research, 21(2), 204-227. doi:10. 1007/s11211-008-0069-9à Hartshorn, K. J. S. , & Kort? Butler, L. A. (2011). Watching the Detectives: Crime Programming, Fear of Crime, and Attitudes about the Criminal Justice Systemââ¬â¢, Sociological Quarterly, 52(1), 36-55. doi:10. 1111/j. 1533-8525. 2010. 01191. xà James, M. 1992, ââ¬ËThe Elderly as Victims of Crime, Abuse and Neglectââ¬â¢, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 37, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Johnson, H. 2005, ââ¬ËCrime Victimisation in Australia: Key Results of the 2004 International Crime Victimisation Surveyââ¬â¢, Research and Public Policy Series, no. 64, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Powell, J. & Wahidin. A. (2008). ââ¬ËUnderstanding old age and victimisation: A critical explorationââ¬â¢. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,à 28(3/4), 90-99. doi:10. 1108/01443330810862160 Rader, N. , & Cossman, J. (2011). ââ¬ËFear of Crime and Personal Vulnerability: Examining Self-Reported Healthââ¬â¢, Sociological Spectrum,à 31(2), 141-162. doi:10. 1080/02732173. 2011. 541339 Roberts, L. & Indermaur, D. 2007, ââ¬ËWhat Australians think: about crime and justice: results from the 2007 Survey of Social Attitudesââ¬â¢, Research and Public Policy Series 101, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Taking a Look at the Syrian Crisis - 723 Words
In Syria, the relatively conservative, patriarchal and politically repressive pre-war society posed limitations on womenââ¬â¢s rights movements and for advocacy of greater political freedoms, social justice, non-discrimination and gender equality. Although, Syria arguably grants greater rights to women than most other countries in the middle east, discrimination against women is clearly found in its laws relating to womenââ¬â¢s personal status and role in the family, including issues related to marriage, inheritance, custody, divorce, and gender-based violence. Conservative interpretations of Sharia law largely influence these laws and has entrenched cultural and religious norms with regards to female behavior and the concept of ââ¬Ëfamily honor.ââ¬â¢ Since the beginning of 2011, the intensifying conflict and associated stress has had a growing impact on women and girls, forcing large numbers of them to flee to neighboring countries for fear of rape and sexual violence. Moreover, the situation in the country has deteriorated significantly with active hostilities raging between the Government forces and Shabbiha (militia pro government forces) on one hand and anti-Government armed groups on the other. Furthermore, there is aggressive violence and unrest between the Syrian opposition, Free Syrian Army, and foreign-armed militias, Jabat Al-Nusra and Islamic State of the Iraqi and the Levant (ISIL). The perpetuation of violence by both government forces and Al-Qaeda linked groups againstShow MoreRelatedThe War Is Tearing The Country Of Syria Apart1074 Words à |à 5 Pagespopulation than the government was designed to provide for. The crisis of the refugees is also beginning to spread to the United States. Michigan is willing to open its doors to more than 10,000 Syrian refugees. 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To really understand what should happen and what is happening you must know all things that are beyond that. First you should know that this is all a result of the Syrian Civil War started by the refusal of the Assad regime to step down during the Peaceful Arab Spring demonstration. During this protest in Syria, protesters were fired upon, some were killed, and many were injured. After this act, Syrian civilians started opening fireRead MoreUsing The Library Search Tools And 1-2 Multimedia Resources1373 Words à |à 6 Pages E. Post the Individual Summaries Citations as a document to the Assignment link above (just click on the underlined title of the assignment) Topic and questions 1. What is the response from communities in the U.S. to the Syrian refugee crisis, and how can this response be improved? 2. The cohesion and peace within communities, along with the economic and social stability; the lives of the refugees. 3. Definitions: a. Cultural relativism is looking at beliefs and values of a cultureRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Syrian Government Is Immoral1719 Words à |à 7 PagesStates backed Syrian rebels against the Russian-backed Assad regime to stop human atrocities. This raises the ethical dilemma of in what situations is the backing of rebels against a legitimate government the moral decision and when it is not. I will show in this paper that the United States supporting the Syrian rebels fight against the Syrian government is immoral using Utilitarianism. Starting in 2011 political protests turned into a national uprising that resulted in the Syrian government usingRead MoreThe Syrian Crisis Essay903 Words à |à 4 PagesThe current state of the Syrian crisis may not be as volatile as before, but there is indeed a great deal of tension that remains. Civilian targeted warfare not only violates UN law, it violates human law. Real humans today are experiencing damage to their communities, both structural and population wise, while also living through a dilapidated and corrupt government. Because of the poor nature of these societies, rebuilding has gone very slowly, leaving people in the cold and alone. Many thingsRead MoreThe Syrian Conflict Of Syria1586 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Syrian Conflict The conflict in Syria began in March 2011 in Deraa after multiple teenagers who painted revolution slogans on a school wall were apprehended and later tortured by the Syrian government. Pro-democracy protests broke out and security forces began shooting at protestors and multiple were killed, which truly sparked the beginning of the conflict. More protests went on throughout the nation calling for President Assad to step down and after he did not, by July 2011, there were hundreds
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