Tay Sachs Essay Research Paper TaySachsTaySachs disease free essay sample

Tay Sachs Essay, Research Paper Sachs disease Tay-Sachs disease is a familial upset that occurs in kids. This disease causes their cardinal nervous system to breakdown, which in bend is the footing for their decease. The disease is named for Warren Tay and Bernard Sachs. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the absence of an enzyme called Hexosamindase A, which is referred to as Hex-A. The deficiency of this enzyme causes many metabolic jobs for its host because it is necessary for interrupting down wastes within the encephalon. The consequence of its absence is that it causes an increasing loss of coordination, a progressive inability to get down, take a breathing troubles, sightlessness, mentally deceleration, palsy, and eventually decease. The enzyme known as Hex-A is highly indispensable for a individual to prolong life. This is due to the fact that Hex-A is needed for the organic structure to interrupt down a fatty waste substance found in encephalon cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Tay Sachs Essay Research Paper TaySachsTaySachs disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This fatty substance or lipoid called GM2 ganglioside accumulates abnormally in cells, particularly in the nervus cells of the encephalon. As wastes are invariably collected, there is a progressive harm to the cells. The destructive procedure begins in the foetus early in gestation, although the disease is non clinically evident until the kid is several months old. By the that clip a kid with the disease is three or four old ages old and the nervous system is so severely affected that life itself can non be supported. The information for the organic structure to do the Hex A enzyme is contained in a cistron which is found on chromosome figure 15. There are two transcripts of chromosome figure 15 in all the organic structure cells and hence two transcripts of the cistron that codes for the enzyme necessary for right encephalon map. If that cistron is changed or mutated, which is what happens in the instance of Tay-Sachs disease, the information contained in the cistron, and therefore the kid, is impaired. The familial mistake which is present in Tay-Sachs disease is a mutant on the fifteenth chromosome, which contains the enzyme Hexosamindase A. The enzyme is deleted and therefore the kid is unable to interrupt down GM2 ganglioside within the encephalon. Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessionary trait, intending it is manifested in an person through familial. As a consequence the lone manner that a kid can hold the disease is if both its female parent and male parent are bearers of the recessionary trait. To day of the month, there is no remedy or effectual intervention for Tay-Sachs. However, there is active research being done in many research labs in the U.S. and around the universe. The usage of enzyme replacing therapy to supply the Hex-A has been explored. Bone marrow organ transplant has besides been attempted, but to day of the month has non been successful in change by reversaling or decelerating harm to the cardinal nervous system in babes. The heritage form of Tay-Sachs disease is autosomal recessionary. In order for a kid to inherit a recessionary status such as Tay-Sachs they must have a recessionary cistron from both their male parent and female parent. For this ground most kids born with this disease come from a household without a history of Tay-Sachs. The parents are both merely bearers of the recessionary trait therefore there is a 25 % opportunity the kid will be afflicted. Many metabolic upsets plague people throughout the universe, yet few are as awful and lay waste toing to a household as Tay-Sachs disease. This is because the disease comes with perfectly no warning to the kid s healthy bearer parents. Equally shortly as they find out their kid is afflicted they must confront the inevitable fact that he will decease in 5 short old ages. Bibliography 1. www.tay-sachs.org./whatisa.htm 2. www.noah.cuny.edu/neuro/neuropg.htm # taysachs.

Bill Gates Essay Ending Example For Students

Bill Gates Essay Ending Bill GatesWe read books for a number of reasons but usually because we wantto or we have to. When you pick up a book it falls into one of three types,dependent on whether it is a want to or a have to type of book. First theresthe kind of book you pick up and like the look of but then the first chapter isso bad that you have to put it down because you are either too confused by theplot or you discover it has been written in some obscure untranslatable language. The second type is where the first chapter is slightly disappointing but it isworth pursuing so you read on. These books are often the type you recommend tofriends although you have only the basic sketch as to what they are about (suchas any pulp fiction novel youve read the story somewhere before but you areon holiday so it is either this or the guide book). The third type of book is a rare breed indeed. This is the book you read andthen read and then read some more. It is the type of book that you miss thingsfor. If you like computers and want to know more about them, about the history,and about the most important figure in this industry, then this is definitelythe third type of book.The book that I was able to read was Gates by Stephen Manes and Paul Andrews. It was about how man named Bill Gates became the foundation of computingindustry and how he reinvented an industry- and made himself the richest man inAmerica. William (Bill) Gates is the computer industrys youngest billionaire. Aspresident and CEO of Microsoft, he has made several important contributions tothe world of technology. Most people would probably picture him as being acomputer programmer but not with holding the position of chair and chiefexecutive officer (CEO) of a corporation. Actually, Bill Gates is both aprogrammer and CEO. To talk about Bill Gates one has to talk about the historyof Microsoft. Gates family was financially well off. His father, William H. Gates II, is aprominent attorney. His mother, Mary, is the director of First Interstate Bank. Early on in life, Gates parents placed him into Lakeside, an academicallychallenging private school. While at Lakeside, Gates met his close friend andfuture business partner Paul Allen. Together they entered the world ofprogramming at Lakeside. It all started on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, where one of thebrains behind Microsoft Corporation was born, William Henry Gates III. Atthirteen he started going to Lakeside School. A year later, the Mothers Clubinvested in a computer terminal for the students. Gates teamed up with threeother students to form The Lakeside Programmers Group. Their first real businessdeal was a payroll program they wrote for Information Sciences Inc., in 1971. At the young age of 15, Gates was able to crash the DEC operating system and theCDC, which were two of the most advanced computer systems at that time. Althoughhis ability to crash these two systems brought him some major trouble, it alsoled him to his first business adventure. Gates and Allen started the companyTraf-O-Data, which earned them $20,000. Gates and Allen developed a machine wasable to generate summary statistics on traffic flow from a rubber tube strungacross a highway. Unfortunately, Traf-O-Data was not a big success. However,after their Traf-O-Data adventure the Gates and Allen received a job offer withTRW, a corporation that produced software producta. They were able to earn$30,000 a year working with a software development group, which proved to be avery valuable experience for both Allen and Gates. Then in 1973 Gates startedat Harvard University, in Massachusetts. .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .postImageUrl , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:hover , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:visited , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:active { border:0!important; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:active , .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u441e7a19c1489b64910c2dd2073ae3ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Context is all EssayIn December 1974, Paul Allen, the other brain behind Microsoft, saw an articlein Popular Electronics describing the Mango Information Technology Systems(MITS) Altair 8800, a home computer kit costing four hundred dollars. Thismagazine articlewould charge their lives and, ultimately, just abouteverybody elses. At that time, Gates and Allen contacted MITS to let them knowthey had a form of the computer language, called Basic, for the Altair 8800. Afew months later, the Basic language for the Altair was finished, and theysigned a deal with MITS. MITS offered Allen a job and office space for the twoof them to work in its headquarters. Gates and Allen referr ed to themselves asMicro-Soft at that time. Before long, they would set up Microsoft in its ownbuilding in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1977, Gates dropped out of Harvard University. Microsoft was released fromtheir contract with MITS and owned its Basic language program outright. Microsoft also made an agreement with Kuzuhiko Nishi for future softwaredevelopments in Japan. Two years later Microsoft moved to Seattle, due to thegrowth of the company. Microsoft made a deal with International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) in1980, regarding a computer language and disk operating system for IBMs newrange of personal computers. So, Microsoft signed a deal to have the rights toQ-DOS, an operating system from Seattle Computer Products. They adapted Q-DOS towork with IBMs new personal computer. A year later, Microsoft came out with MS-DOS. In 1981, Gates decided that Microsoft should be in the market for applicationsoftware for personal computers users. Two years later, Microsoft launched theirfirst application program, WORD 1. Gates then announced that Microsoft was goingto be launching a new way to use a computer with a Graphical User Interface(GUI) know as Windows. They also introduced a hand-held pointing tool, the mouse,which changed the way one interfaces with the computer. Even though Allen had to leave Microsoft for health reasons in 1983, he remainsa director of Microsoft. On March 13, 1986, Gates and Allen become instantmillionaires when Microsoft was launched onto the stock exchange. Also that yearMicrosoft moved to Redmond, Washington, to accommodate its twelve hundredemployees. With the launch of Windows 3.0 in May 1990, Microsoft become thefirst personal computer software company to exceed over $1 billion in sales in asingle year. In June 1992, Gates accepted the National Medal of Technology fromPresident George Bush. Six months later, Microsoft became the worlds largestcomputer-industry company, based on the total value of its stock. After this book was published, I would like to mention that Bill Gates is nowmarried whose name is Melinda Gates and now has a daughter named JenniferKatharine Gates. Furthermore, he is now worth more then 17 billion dollars. Ofcourse, I am underestimating Bill Gatess wealth because it only counts hiscurrent holdings of Microsoft stock. The cars, houses, aircraft, helicopters,aircraft carriers, islands, and small European countries that he owns are notfigured in. I think that the authors wrote this book as part history, part biography,and part computing. This book is overflowing with detail of computer industrythe reason being that the authors are computer experts. Stephen Manes hascovered the computer industry for more than ten years as a columnist andcontributing editor for PC Magazine and PC Computing. Paul Andrews is a hightech reporter for the Seattle Times. The information in this book is amazingfrom starting of industry to where its headed. And from reading this book, Ifeel that Bill Gates and Microsoft are one in the sameone does not existwithout the other. Gates, they say, understands that his companys image isclosely linked to his own. No matter what people say about him, there is notelling where personal computing would be without him. What he has done willaffect the computer world for a long time. .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .postImageUrl , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:hover , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:visited , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:active { border:0!important; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:active , .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578 .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u516788f5c3624fb9a4be7cf89bd89578:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Ex-Basketball Player" and "To an Athlete Dying Young" Comparison EssayBiographies

Reporting Essay Topics - What Are Some of the Most Common Essay Topic Types?

Reporting Essay Topics - What Are Some of the Most Common Essay Topic Types?I was actually surprised when I first came across the essay topic, 'how to deal with your stressful boss'. Apparently, as a career counselor, I deal with a lot of stressful situations. This isn't surprising because my job is to encourage and guide people towards their goals.The premise behind this article is that if we are able to find ways to manage our stress, we may be able to reduce the stress in the world. In addition, if we can become more effective and productive within a demanding career, this will also translate into a healthier lifestyle. Being more productive within a career that requires responsibility will lead to a happier lifestyle as well.One obvious problem that I face every day, however, is coping with my own stress. Thankfully, I have a good mentor that has been there for me through all of these tests, frustrations, and challenges.In order to succeed, however, you need to determine what typ es of career opportunities to suit your personality type. There are lots of types of personality and it all depends on what type of temperament you have. There are some personality traits that most people share but there are also some common ones that aren't always found in everyone.For example, if you are competitive, you probably won't want to be an accountant because you will have a high amount of pressure. On the other hand, if you are very analytical, you may not have a great desire to be a counselor.Some traits of the creative type are artistic people don't often have this personality trait. They are often introverted and don't like being in a crowded environment. On the other hand, someone who has the personality type of the friendly type will most likely thrive in a creative type of career.Many people dohave an interest in many career paths. However, those interested in reporting must realize that many of the most rewarding careers for them are those that require responsibil ity, time management, and a general level of discipline.

Tle Assignment ! Jermieanneliyaniieh free essay sample

Microsoft Publisher is an entry-level desktop publishing application from Microsoft, differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and design rather than text composition and proofing. Define the Following Quick access Toolbar *The Quick Access Toolbar (CAT) is a small, customizable toolbar that exposes a set of Commands that are specified by the application or selected by the user. Page Navigation *In essence, a Tapestry application is a number of related pages, working together. To some degree, each page is like an application unto itself. Ribbon *Ribbons are the modern way to help users find, understand, and use commands efficiently and directly?with a minimum number of clicks, with less need to resort to trial-and-error, and without having to refer to Help. Viewing Tools *Use the tools on the Viewing tools toolbar when you are viewing an Information Item/Document in the Centric Project Viewer or when you are viewing a markup for an Information Item/Document. We will write a custom essay sample on Tle Assignment ! Jermieanneliyaniieh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule or line gauge, is an instrument used in geometry, technical drawing, printing as well as engineering and building to measure distances or to rule straight lines. The ruler is a straightedge which may also contain calibrated lines to measure distances Baseline *A baseline is a line that is a base for measurement or for construction; see datum(calculations or comparisons) or point of reference (engineering or science). Boundaries *Boundary (plural: boundaries) may refer to any meaning below, also to border. Guides *A guide is a person who leads anyone through unknown or unmapped country. This includes a guide of the real world (such as someone who conducts travelers and tourists through a place Of interest), as well as a person who leads someone to more abstract places (such as to knowledge or wisdom). Mage Guide Customizable Guide Task pane *Microsoft Office feature found in Microsoft Office 2002 (XP), Office 2003, and later versions that enables users to have quick access to common features, information, and commands. By default the Microsoft task pane opens on the right hand side of the window. Users who need access to the task pane and are running a compatible version of Microsoft Office can get to the task pane by using the keyboard shortcut CTR + Fl or by clicking View and then Task Pane. Backstage View *The Ribbon contains the set of commands for working in a document, while the Microsoft Office Backstage view is the set of commands you use to do things to a document. Tale Assignment ! Jermieanneliyaniieh ! By Jerkily

Book Review of R.J. Palacios Wonder

Book Review of R.J. Palacio's 'Wonder' Wonder, R.J. Palacios debut novel, was written for children 8 to 12 years old, but its message defies genres. Published in 2012, its anti-bullying, pro-acceptance message will resonate with teenagers and even adults as well. Style Some books are action-packed, compelling the reader to turn the page to find out what happens next. Other books are compelling because they invite readers to engage with characters who are real, who come alive off the page, and who pull the reader into their story. Wonder is the latter kind of book. In fact, very little action happens within its pages, and yet readers will find themselves deeply affected by the story. Summary August Pullman (Auggie to his friends) is not an ordinary 10-year-old boy. He feels like one  and has the interests of one, but his face is not ordinary at all. In fact, its the type of face that scares kids and makes people stare. Auggie is pretty good natured about it all. This is the way he is, after all, and while he doesn’t like that people stare, there’s not much he can do about it. Because his face has required many reconstructive surgeries, Auggie has been homeschooled. But there are no more surgeries to be done for a while, and now August’s parents think it’s time that he goes to mainstream school, beginning with fifth grade in the fall. The idea of this terrifies Auggie; he knows how people react to seeing him, and he wonders if he will be able to fit in at school at all. He bravely gives it a go, but finds that it’s much like he expected. Many of the children laugh at him behind his back, and someone has started a game called the Plague, in which people â€Å"catch† a â€Å"disease† if they touch Auggie. One boy, Julian, leads the bullying attacks. He’s the sort of kid whom adults find charming, but in reality, he is quite mean to anyone not in his circle of friends. Auggie does make two close friends: Summer, a girl who actually likes Auggie for who he is, and Jack. Jack started out as Auggie’s â€Å"assigned† friend, and when Auggie finds this out, he and Jack have a falling out. However, they patch things up at Christmas, after Jack gets suspended for hitting Julian for badmouthing Auggie. This leads to a â€Å"war, with the popular boys against Auggie and Jack. While nothing more than mean words, in the form of notes in the lockers, fly between the two camps, the tension between them lasts until the spring. Then theres a confrontation between a group of older boys from a different school and Auggie and Jack at a sleep-away camp. They are hopelessly outnumbered until a group of boys who were formerly against Auggie and Jack help defend them from the bullies. In the end, Auggie has a successful year at school, and even makes the Honor Roll. In addition, the school gives him an award for courage, which he doesnt understand, musing, â€Å"If they want to give me a medal for being me, I’ll take it.† (p. 306) He sees himself as ordinary, and in the face of everything else, he really is just that: an ordinary kid. Review It‘s the straightforward, non-sentimental manner in which Palacio approaches her topic that makes this such an excellent book. Auggie might have an extraordinary face, but hes a regular kid, and that makes him relatable, in spite of his challenges. Palacio also shifts her point of view, telling the story through the eyes of characters other than Auggie. This allows the reader to get to know characters like Auggies sister, Via, who talks about the way her brother takes over the family’s life. However, some of the other viewpoints- especially of Via’s friends- feel somewhat unnecessary and bog down the middle of the book. The power of the book likes in how Palacio creates such a normal, relatable character from a boy living with such an extraordinary physical affliction. Even though Wonder is recommended for children ages 8 through 12, the books themes of identity, bullying, and acceptance make it interesting reading for a wide audience as well. About R.J. Palacio An art director by profession, R. J. Palacio first thought of the idea for Wonder when she and her children were on vacation. While there, they saw a young girl who had a condition similar to Auggie’s. Her children reacted badly, which got Palacio thinking about the girl and what she goes through on a daily basis. Palacio also thought about how she could have better taught her children to respond to situations like this. The book inspired Random House to start an anti-bullying campaign, called Choose Kind, with a site where people can share their experiences and sign a pledge to stamp out bullying. There you can also download an excellent Educator Guide for Wonder to use at home, or with a community grouop. Companion Book Auggie Me: Three Wonder Stories, also by R. J. Palacio, is a 320-page collection of three stories, each told from the point of view of one of three characters from Wonder: the bully Julian, Auggie’s oldest friend, Christopher, and his new friend, Charlotte. The stories take place prior to Auggie’s attending school and during his first year there. This book is neither a prequel nor a sequel to Wonder- in fact, Palacio has made it clear that she does not plan to ever write either. Instead, this book is meant as a companion for those who have already read Wonder and want to extend the experience by learning more about Auggies impact on the people around him.

Neurofibtomatosis NF1 and NF2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neurofibtomatosis NF1 and NF2 - Essay Example Thereafter, this affliction is also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease. (Von Recklinghausen, 1882). Crowe, Schull and Neel estimated that the prevalence of NF1 in the general population was 1 in 5000. Moreover, though all persons having the NF1 genes will show features of the disease, there is a large amount of variation shown in the presentation of this disease even in the same family. (Crowe, Schull and Neel, 1956). Moreover, sporadic cases are known to occur (without any family history of the disease), believed to result from germ cell mutations. (Mulvihill etal, 1990). Neurofibromatosis 2 Kantner, Eldridge, Fabricant, Allen, and Koerber found that amongst patients thought to suffer from neurofibromatosis, a certain subset of patients had propensity to develop central nervous system tumors, especially, tumors of the auditory nerves (acoustic neuromas). These patients were genetically and clinically distinct from the other neurofibromatosis patients and were subsequently identified as NF2. (Kantner, Eldridge, Fabricant, Allen, and Koerber, 1980) The prevalence of NF2 is less, estimated to be in the range of 1 in 210 000 population. (Husom, 1989.) Body Systems Affected NF1 mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, optic nerve, iris and long bones (e.g. those of the extremities) of the body. NF2, on the other hand, affects the central nervous system and causes the premature formation of cataract in the eyes. Characteristics of the Disease Gutman etal have summarized the features of the diseases. (Gutman, 1997). Neurofibromatosis 1 is characterized by the presence of cafe-au-lait spots, brownish colored patches on the skin. They may also display freckling in the axilla or groin. They develop tumors of the peripheral nerves called neurofibromas, which can arise in the nerve endings in the skin (cutaneous neurofibromas), peripheral nerves (nodular neurofibromas) or optic nerves (optic gliomas). Extensive tumor formation in the peripheral nerves is the most easily identifiable feature of NF1, leading to grotesque disfiguration of the face and limbs, a condition known as plexiform neurofibromatosis. The so-called Elephant Man, Mr. John Merrick is believed to be a victim of this condition. In addition, patients with NF1 may suffer from thinning of the long bones of the body. Some patients develop typical tumors in the iris of the eye called Lisch nodules. Patients with NF1 also have an increased tendency to develop other tumors like those of the adrenal gland (phaeochromcytoma), thyroid and parathyroid glands (as part of a syndrome called Multiple Endocrinal Neoplasia), small intestinal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia. These patients often have a larger than average sized skull (macrocephaly) and are shorter in stature. Abnormalities in the functioning of the pituitary gland may lead to precocious puberty and growth hormone deficiency. They may also have learning disabilities. Other problems associated more frequently with this condition are epilepsy, headaches and deafness. The characteristic feature of NF2 is bilateral vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas (tumors of the 8th cranial nerve – the auditory nerve). As a result, these patients present with gradual, progressive hearing loss. Other central nervous s

Corruption between inmates and correction officers Term Paper

Corruption between inmates and correction officers - Term Paper Example Interestingly, there is no formal definition of correctional corruption. However, the penal codes define corrupt acts to be: acceptance of honorarium, bribery, accepting sexual favors and improper influence; but, they do not authoritatively describe what constitutes corrupt. Corruption is always evident as an abuse of power, whereby individuals presume that the use of power leads to the achievement of a purpose other than what it granted. In correctional facilities, there are instances of promotion or hiring of a less qualified staff based on their relation with the supervisor. Some of the inmates may receive preferential treatment from the security personnel on the grounds that they serve as house trustees. A group of inmates may be denied their civil rights or privileges because of their faith or religion (Souryal, 28). On the other hand, use of oppression is also a form of corruption that is evident in correctional facilities. A warden may pile up charges on an inmate or an office r, which they did not commit, because of ethnicity or race. In some instances, officers and inmates may experience physical abuses, which are permitted by others, due to their different lifestyles. In the prison context, there are three metrics which generally define corruption, that is, Acts of Misfeasance, Acts of Malfeasance and Acts of Nonfeasance. Acts of misfeasance are the illicit acts, which the correction officers are supposed to undertake, nonetheless, they willingly contravene for personal gain. These acts are more often than not committed by high-ranking officers in the correctional hierarchy or by outsiders, who are linked to the prison facility through professional or political appointment. Generally, acts of malfeasance are committed by prison officers at the middle or lower management levels. These acts involve acts of misconduct or criminal acts, which the officers intentionally commit in violation of agency rules and regulations and/or state laws (Souryal 29). Acts that are in this category are trafficking of contraband, embezzlement, extortion, official oppression and the exploitation of inmates or their families for goods, money or services. Lastly, acts of nonfeasance involve avoidance or omission knowingly committed by prison officers who are responsible for undertaking such acts. These acts are common in the correctional facility despite an officer’s rank. There are two types of nonfeasance: an officer ignoring a prisoner’s violations of the institutional laws and the failure to report other officers of misconduct as a repayment of an earlier favor or personal loyalty. Additionally, there are other metrics that can be used to measure corruption in correctional facilities, which are drawn from the Path-Driven Taxonomy of Corruption Metrics. It is composed of four metrics, which are: Political-Economic-Social (PES) metrics; Public Administration (PA) metrics; Citizen Engagement (CE) metrics and Cultural (CU) metrics. In the c orrectional facilities context, the PES metrics will examine the general conditions and draw a parallel between situations or events, which make the occurrence of corruption to be very high in the prevention stage. In addition, it will also measure the existence or insight of existence of corruption in the correctional facilities; its different units and partners in the detection stage of corruption. Furthermore, the metrics will also focus on the perceived or existent actions to fight